基于小波变换的非平稳信号趋势项剔除方法

分析了空间飞行器遥测信号处理传统趋势项剔除方法的优势和不足,提出了基于小波变换的非平稳信号趋势项剔除方法。这种方法通过滤波器组将信号分解与重构,实现趋向性信号与零均值平稳随机信号的分离。仿真实验表明,该方法简单、高效,适用于非平稳随机信号的处理,是一种实用的趋势项剔除方法。     

如何实现学生从中学物理到大学物理学习的转变

实现学生从中学物理学习到大学物理学习转变的关键是借助高等数学所揭示的数学方法的思想内涵 ,建立起从中学物理的不变到大学物理中变、从宏观到微观、从近似到精确这样一种贯穿于物理学始终的辩证唯物主义物理观。     

Fault diagnosis based on measurement reconstruction of HPT exit pressure for turbofan engine

Aero-engine gas path health monitoring plays a critical role in Engine Health Management(EHM). To achieve unbiased estimation, traditional filtering methods have strict requirements on measurement parameters which sometimes cannot be measured in engineering. The most typical one is the High-Pressure Turbine(HPT) exit pressure, which is vital to distinguishing failure modes between different turbines. For the case of an abrupt failure occurring in a single turbine component, a model-based sensor measurement reconstruction method is proposed in this paper. First,to estimate the missing measurements, the forward algorithm and the backward algorithm are developed based on corresponding component models according to the failure hypotheses. Then,a new fault diagnosis logic is designed and the traditional nonlinear filter is improved by adding the measurement estimation module and the health parameter correction module, which uses the reconstructed measurement to complete the health parameters estimation. Simulation results show that the proposed method can well restore the desired measurement and the estimated measurement can be used in the turbofan engine gas path diagnosis. Compared with the diagnosis under the condition of missing sensors, this method can distinguish between different failure modes, quantify the variations of health parameters, and achieve good performance at multiple operating points in the flight envelope.     

Flight Flutter Modal Parameters Identification with Atmospheric Turbulence Excitation Based on Wavelet Transformation

针对基于大气紊流激励的飞机颤振试验数据具有信噪比低以及测量数据以加速度响应形式给出等特点,将小波变换与随机减量法相结合对飞机颤振模态参数进行识别,首先利用随机减量法获得结构在非零初始加速度条件下的自由衰减响应,然后对该自由衰减响应进行Morlet连续小波变换,为使变换简单,本文采用了Parseval定理和留数定理,利用Morlet的带通滤波特性,通过搜索小波变换系数在不同的尺度区域内的极大值,再根据小波变换系数的极大值、相角与固有振动频率及阻尼系数间的关系,即可识别出各模态参数。并对利用小波变换识别颤振模态参数时,实现模态解耦应满足的条件进行了分析研究。通过仿真和飞机颤振试验数据分析,验证了该识别方法不仅简单、有效和可行,而且具有较强的抗噪性。     

Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Behaviors of Explosively Welded NiTi/NiTi Laminates

The study is a first attempt to prepare bulk NiTi/NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) laminates with a macroscopic heterogeneous composition by explosive welding and investigate their microstructures and martensitic transformation behaviors. After explosive weld- ing, a perfect interfacial bonding between the two components and a reversible martensitic transformation are realized in the tandem. Results show achievement of a fine granular structure and the maximum value of microhardness near the welding interface because of the excessive cold plastic deformation and the high impact velocity during the explosive welding. Meanwhile, the effects of aging on the transformation of the welded tandem are investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and subject to discussion. The trans- formation temperatures of NiTi/NiTi SMAs increase with the rise of the aging temperature. The experimental results indicate the shape memory properties of NiTi/NiTi SMA fabricated by explosive welding can be improved by optimizing the aging technology.     

基于UKF的FADS/INS融合大气数据估计

针对飞行器在高速飞行时受气流干扰、惯性数据易发散等问题,从传感器数据融合角度出发,提出了通过无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)融合嵌入式大气数据观测系统(FADS)和惯性导航系统(INS)估计飞行器实时大气数据的算法。算法使用高维度非线性方程对惯性系统和大气系统间的关系建模,结合FADS与INS的数据,计算飞行器速度和高度,进而估算出攻角、侧滑角等参数。实验结果显示,与INS直接解算、扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)融合等原有估计方法相比,文章所述的算法在估计精度和系统稳定性方面均有所提高。     

面向室内场景的惯性磁感应定位方法

针对卫星拒止的室内导航问题,在现有磁信标定位技术的基础上,通过分析低频旋转磁场的特点,建立了一种不受传感器姿态和磁信标磁矩信息影响的磁感应矢量夹角观测模型,并结合MEMS惯性导航的误差模型提出了一种以磁感应矢量夹角的正余弦值为量测信息的惯性磁感应动态定位方法,避免了磁传感器姿态误差和磁矩误差对定位结果的影响。利用实验室的双轴磁信标实验系统进行静态测试,验证了磁感应定位模型具有不受传感器姿态、环境中遮挡物以及磁矩影响的特点;通过数值仿真的方式对基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)的惯性磁感应定位方法进行验证,结果表明该方法能有效地抑制惯性导航的发散,且位置最大误差小于0.75 m,满足大多数室内场景下的高精度导航定位需求。     

试飞测试数据的数据特性分析

提出利用小波变换的多分辨率特性 ,对安装在飞机机翼上的应变传感器的实测数据进行分析 ,得出其频率特性。并将该方法与传统快速傅立叶变换分析结果进行比较 ,探讨了使用小波变换对工程实测数据进行分析的可行性。     

无味卡尔曼滤波在热平衡试验中的应用研究

在航天器热平衡试验中应用温度外推预报技术可以快速准确的给出航天器的极限热平衡温度，缩短热平衡试验时间，降低航天器的研制成本。介绍了一种新颖的热平衡试验数据外推方法——无味卡尔曼滤波(UKF)，分析了UKF的应用效果，结果表明应用UKF外推能够在较短的时间内更准确的获得航天器的极限热平衡温度。     

基于神经网络的无迹滤波改进算法

介绍了采用无迹变换(UT)描述随机变量通过非线性系统后的均值及方差的方法,提出可以将神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)用于确定无迹变换中的参数,使其对随机变量均值的描述达到二次以上精度,并给出了改进的无迹滤波器(UKF)结构和神经网络训练方法;仿真结果表明,该算法适用于系统含有未知输入或系统噪声为非高斯的情况,并可解决一些典型的非线性估计问题,改进算法的性能优于传统无迹滤波器。