叶轮机平面叶栅的气动设计及统流计算

通过全速势方程的数值积分，利用ＡＦ２格式，给出了一种用于叶轮机中叶栅型面的气动设计和绕流计算的便捷方法，对于稳态亚音速、跨音速及超音速流动均适用。与目前普及很广的、在超音区应用人工压缩性的方案相比，该算法有明显的优势。     

对转叶轮机技术挑战分析

为获得关于对转叶轮机共性问题的认识,在回顾对转叶轮机发展之后,采用速度三角形方法分析了“对转”造成的气流预旋范围和变工况运行方面的技术挑战。分析表明:除带来更严峻的噪音、振动及高周疲劳问题外,对转叶轮机还将面临气流预旋范围受限、变工况运行更加复杂两个挑战。使用对转叶轮机方案前提条件是对转导致的气流预旋范围能满足总体循环提出的要求;对转叶轮机设计时尽量选取低转速比、低流量系数;对大转速比、高流量系数对转叶轮机,应尽量使前排出口相对气流角β1<40°~50°,否则,对于对转风扇/压气机就只有改变下游叶片安装角;有时需要采用可调叶片以应对对转风扇/压气机变转速变工况问题。研究结果将直接用于判断对转叶轮机适用性及确定对转叶轮机基本设计参数选取原则和范围。     

带肋和双排出流孔通道的流动特性

研究了通道进口雷诺数和总出流比对带肋和双排出流孔通道流量系数和压力分布的影响。实验研究的通道入口雷诺数为3×104~1.5×105,通道总出流比为0.09~0.22。结果表明:通道总出流比较小时,流量系数沿流向减小。通道进口雷诺数增加,流量系数先增加,之后基本不变;通道总出流比较大时,流量系数基本不变;各工况下总压系数沿流向依次经历迅速减小、基本不变、继续减小的过程;沿流向各位置上的总压系数在通道进口雷诺数为6×104~9×104时最小;出流比增大,沿流向各位置上的总压系数随之增大。     

旋转同心双轴间流动的热态实验

某型发动机高、低压涡轮轴间环形气流通内的流动可以简化为两个独立旋转同心双轴环道内的流动问题。对其控制方程以及边界条件进行无量纲化，得出了实验准则，设计并建立了实验台，以实验方法研究了具有轴向通流的独立旋转同心双轴环道内的流动规律。结果表明，随着冷气雷诺数增大，阻力系数总体趋势减小；冷气雷诺数的影响远大于内轴和外轴旋转对流动的影响。     

基于解析及特征造型的涡轮冷却叶片参数化设计

基于数学解析与特征造型技术相结合的方法,建立了基于构造过程的复杂涡轮冷却叶片的参数化设计技术。用五次多项式描述叶身型线,根据壁面厚度函数求解冷却通道外形,定义冷却通道隔板位置及厚度等参数,计算得到叶身及冷却通道各截面造型数据;以特征造型方法完成对涡轮冷却叶片转弯流道、缘板、榫头及叶片相关特征的参数化设计;利用CAD系统的二次开发接口,实现了多腔回流式涡轮冷却叶片的自动建模。     

气膜冷却流场的实验研究和数值模拟的分析

用Ｘ型双丝热线探头对扇形气膜孔射流下游流场的测量结果表明，湍流因射流的注入而显著增强，并存在十分明显的各向非同性。传统的应力和速度梯度的涡粘关系仍然适用于气膜冷却流场，但应该在不同的方向上分别对湍流粘性系数进行修正。标准ｋ－ε湍流模型可成功地模拟孔内流动和流向倾角α较小时的掺混气膜冷却流场，但在α较大时的孔中线附近区域内的流场模拟是不成功的，并导致冷却效率的模拟失败。     

涡轮流量计的标定

讨论了涡轮流量计的几种标定系统，包括稳态标定，动态标定，在线标定和实时标定，其中在线标定和实时标定是提高涡轮流量计测量精度的重要措施，计算机辅助测试系统的建立已不难实现这２种标定。     

涡轮叶片表面气膜冷却效率的实验研究

采用放大的叶片模型，利用大尺寸低速线性叶栅风洞进行实验，测量了涡轮导向叶片表面不同位置单排气膜孔的气膜冷却效率，研究了孔排位置、吹风比及来流雷诺数的影响。风洞实验段由3个叶片组成，其中中间的叶片为试验叶片，由优质木材制成。试验叶片表面上开有15排气膜孔，其中吸力面3排，前缘区6排，压力面6排。实验的参数变化范围是：基于叶片弦长的来流雷诺数250000-450000，吹风比0．5-2．5。结果表明，由于气膜孔排位置的不同，其下游冷却效率受来流雷诺数及吹风比影响的变化趋势也有所不同。     

An equilibrium multi-objective optimum design for non-circular clearance hole of disk with discrete variables

An Equilibrium Multi-objective Optimization Model(EMOM) with self-regulated weighting factors has been proposed for the optimum design of non-circular clearance hole on the front flange of turbine disk. In the ‘‘equilibrium design", both the stress decrease around the hole and the least hole's profile variation are considered, which balances two ambivalent design goals. Specific discrete variables are applied to realize the standardization design in the optimization process, in which a Surrogate Genetic Coding Algorithm(SGCA) is introduced, and a special check module is used to get rid of repeated fitness evaluation of the samples. The method offers an equilibrium design for the non-circular clearance hole of the turbine disk with great accuracy and efficiency.     

Flow mechanism between purge flow and mainstream in different turbine rim seal configurations

The rim seal is used to prevent mainstream ingestion to the gap between the vane of a turbine and its blade. In this article, the dolphin lip with a hook configuration and a large seal cavity with hook structures are designed based on the high-pressure turbine datum single shark lip rim seal configuration. The sealing effect and parameters of the flow field are measured by an experiment method and a numerical simulation is used to explain the mechanism. For three configurations, the effect of the leakage slot vortex on the efficiency of the seal and the influence of leakage vortex, generated by the interaction between purge flow and mainstream flow, are discussed in depth. The result shows that the reverse vortex formed by the dolphin lip rim seal with hook structure will increase the sealing efficiency. The seal configuration with a large cavity improves sealing efficiency to a greater extent than the datum structure. At different purge flow rates and with unequal seal structures, the purge flow produces three types of leakage vortices in the passage. Besides, the seal configuration with dolphin lip produces a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the interface of the purge and the mainstream flows at a low purge flow rate to induce new leakage vortex branches in the passage of the blade.