大型航天器SGCMG系统的奇异性分析研究

应用单框架控制力矩陀螺系统（SGCMG）是大型航天器姿控系统较为理想的选择，但是该系统存在严重的奇异现象，增加了操纵律的设计与开发的难度。文章从奇异性分析的角度对单杠架控制力矩陀螺系统的奇异状态进行了研究，提出了奇异可回避性的判别方法，并据此对SGCMG系统奇异状态进行了系统的分类，针对常用的各种构形的SGCMG系统进行了讨论。     

A new steering approach for VSCMGs with high precision

A new variable speed control moment gyro (VSCMG) steering law is proposed in order to achieve higher torque precision. The dynamics of VSCMGs is established, and two work modes are then designed according to command torque:control momentum gyro (CMG)/reaction wheel (RW) hybrid mode for the large torque case and RW single mode for the small. When working in the CMG/RW hybrid mode, the steering law deals with the gimbal dead-zone nonlinearity through compensation by RW sub-mode. This is in contrast to the conventional CMG singularity avoidance and wheel speed equalization, as well as the proof of definitely hyperbolic singular property of the CMG sub-mode. When working in the RW single mode, the motion of gimbals will be locked. Both the transition from CMG/RW hybrid mode to RW single mode and the reverse are studied. During the transition, wheel speed equalization and singularity avoidance of both the CMG and RW sub-modes are considered. A steering law for the RWs with locked gimbals is presented. It is shown by simulations that the VSCMGs with this new steering law could reach a better torque precision than the normal CMGs in the case of both large and small torques.     

在地球极区无奇异的再入飞行器质心运动方程

传统的再入飞行器质心运动方程用经度和纬度描述地理位置，在南北极极点处奇异，在南北极区病态。本文提出利用位置矢量的三个方向余弦，称为“三余弦数”或“三元数”，代替经纬度，推导出无奇异再入质心运动方程。再入飞行器临近极点和到达极点的算例显示，使用三元数的无奇异再入方程完全避免了传统方程有关极点的奇异性。同时，无奇异方程所选状态变量与传统方程可进行很简便的转换。     

Singularity analysis for single gimbal control moment gyroscope system using space expansion method

Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) is an effective candidate for agile satellites and large spacecraft attitude control because of its powerful torque amplification capability. The most serious situation, however, in using CMG is the inherent geometric singularity problem, where there’s no torque output along a particular direction. Space expansion method has been proposed in this work for the singularity analysis. Based on inverse mapping transformation, an expanded Jacobian matrix which is a full rank square matrix is obtained. The singular angle sets of the 3-parallel cluster and pyramid cluster are distinguished using space expansion method. An effective hybrid steering strategy, able to deal with the elliptic singularity, is further proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed steering logic compared to the generalized singular robust logic and pseudo inverse logic in terms of energy consumption and torque error.     

基于Rodrigues参数的视觉相对位姿确定算法

以Rodrigues参数作为姿态描述参数提出了一种视觉相对位姿确定算法。Rodrigues参 数作为一种简洁、高效的姿态描述法,适用于实时性要求高的视觉相对位姿确定,但它本身 的奇异性使其不能用于大角度的位姿确定。将视觉导航方法和无奇异姿态描述的Rodrig ues参数切换理论结合起来,推导了基于Rodrigues参数的视觉相对位姿解算模型,并给出了 这种相对位姿确定算法的流程。仿真结果表明该算法能很好地解决奇异问题,实现全姿态运 动情形下的相对位姿确定。
     

使用单框架控制力矩陀螺的空间站姿态控制系统建模与仿真

研究使用单框架控制力矩陀螺群(SGCMGs)的空间站的姿态控制。完成空间站在轨三轴稳定飞行模式下的动力学和执行机构的建模。基于最小二乘意义下的伪逆原理设计了SGCMGs的控制律。对于框架构形的隐奇异，采用零运动躲避的算法。同时建立了框架电机的动力学、干扰和控制器的仿真模型。提出了适合工程应用的SGCMGs构形显奇异和饱和奇异的工程性的判断条件及卸载方法。为了探讨伺服机构对系统响应特性的影响，进行了分系统级的仿真。仿真模型中包括了空间环境力矩、敏感器及姿态确定模型。仿真中使用了五棱锥构形的SGCMGs，这种构形具有好的冗余度和大的角动量包络。仿真结果验证了五棱锥构形SGCMGs对大型航天器的三轴姿态控制的可行性及有效性。     

SGCMG系统的奇异状态脱离性判定方法研究

单框架控制力矩陀螺系统 ( SGCMG)是大型航天器姿控系统较为理想的选择 ,但是该系统存在严重的奇异现象 ,增加了操纵律的设计与开发的难度。文章从奇异性分析的角度对具有冗余度的单框架控制力矩陀螺系统奇异状态进行了研究 :提出了一种新的冗余的 SGCMG系统的零运动微分动力系统的构造方法 ;给出了该零运动微分动力学下具有冗余度的单框架控制力矩陀螺系统奇异状态的性质 ,并改进了奇异可脱离性的判别方法。     

Singularity radius gradient-based rapid singularity-escape steering law for SGCMGs

In order to visualize singularity of SGCMGs in gimbal angle space, a novel continuous bounded singularity parameter--Singularity Radius, whose sign can distinctly determine singularity type, is proposed. Then a rapid singularity-escape steering law is proposed basing on gradient of Singularity Radius and residual base vector to drive the SGCMG system to neighboring singular boundary, and quickly escape elliptic singularities. Finally, simulation results on Pyramid-type and skew-type configuration demonstrate the effectiveness and rapidness of the proposed steering law.     

单框架控制力矩陀螺的奇异分析及操纵律设计

通过对单框架控制力矩陀螺群（SGCMGs）的奇异问题的分析,设计了一种新的伪逆解与零运动向量相结合的操纵律来回避SGCMGs的内部奇异点。首先通过绘制金字塔构型SGCMGs奇异角动量曲面及典型角动量切面对应的奇异度量极值曲面,研究了其奇异的几何特性。然后以缩小期望力矩与各SGCMG角动量的夹角为目的,给出了一种新的零运动向量构造方法用于操纵律的设计。该方法在全局范围内考虑,并未参考当前奇异度量值,故能有效地避免奇异度量局部极值所对应的内部显奇异点。最后将其与现有的几种操纵律进行了数学仿真对比,验证了其有效性及优越性。     

双欧法与四元数法的应用比较

对解决欧拉方程奇异性的双欧拉和四元数法进行了对比研究，四元数法从理论上讲比较完美，但实际应用中存在较大的累积计算误差，从而影响计算精度；双欧法利用正、反欧拉方程间精华区倒挂关系进行分区交替运算，把精华区扩展到全域，不仅根除了奇异性，而且计算误差小。因此，对于解决欧拉方程奇异性来讲，双欧法要优于四元数法。