Experimental investigation on silica dust lofting due to charging within micro-cavities and surface electric field in the vacuum chamber

The charged dust particles can be mobilized electrostatically by the repulsion between the adjacent grains and the surface electric field due to the incoming electron current and the charge accumulation within the micro-cavities. In this study, the experimental results of the initial vertical launching velocities and the maximum dust heights are compared with the estimated values for the lofted spherical dust grains by the patch surface charging equations. Silica particles with the sizes between <6 and 45?µm in radius are loaded on a graphite plate, and they are exposed to the electron beam with 450?eV energy under 4?×?10^?3?Pa vacuum chamber pressure. During the first set of the experiments, the dust samples are tested without an initial compression process and an additional horizontal electric field. Second, the dust samples are compressed by two different weights in order to increase the packing density under approximately 780.7?Pa and 3780?Pa. Finally, the dust grains are placed between the two parallel aluminum plates to apply approximately 2000?V/m and 4800?V/m horizontal electric field. A high-speed camera is used to record the transportation of the dust grains together with a microscopic telescope, and the results point out that the patch surface dust-charging model estimations are in agreement with the first experiments. On the other hand, the dust particles from the compressed samples are lofted with higher velocities than the estimations, and the number of the dust lofting observations decreases significantly, which demonstrates the importance of the micro-cavities and the increased charging requirement to overcome the contact forces. When the horizontal electric field is present, the initial vertical launching velocities are measured to be lower than the other experiments, which can be attributed to the decreased charging requirement for the dust lofting as a result of inter-particle collisions and rolling motion. According to the experimental results, the electrostatic dust transportation can be controlled not only by the ambient plasma and the solar irradiation on the airless planetary bodies, but also by the surface properties such as the contact surfaces between the dust grains, the number of the micro-cavities related to the packing density, and the presence of the horizontal electric field contributing to the external forces by other particle motions.     

柔性二氧化硅气凝胶综述

二氧化硅气凝胶具有低密度、高孔隙率、高比表面积、低导热性等特点,但存在强度低、韧性差等缺陷.在此基础上,柔性二氧化硅气凝胶通过改进传统二氧化硅气凝胶的制备工艺表现出了更优的力学性能与适用性.本文综述了国内外柔性二氧化硅气凝胶的最新研究进展,分析对比了不同类型气凝胶的性能参数;重点介绍了柔性二氧化硅气凝胶常用的制备方法,...     

单分散性SiO2小球的制备及表征

以四乙氧基硅烷为原料,以氨水为催化剂,采用Sol-gel反应合成了单分散性SiO_2小球。结果表明,通过控制原料及氨水的浓度,可以对小球的粒径(70～1 000 nm可调)进行控制;采用红外光谱、固体核磁共振、X射线衍射、扫描电镜及透射电镜等分析手段对小球的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明小球具有较为致密的实心结构,基本实现了无机化,并且具有较好的热稳定性能。     

纳米CaCO3/SiO2核-壳结构复合粒子的制备

采用含有纳米碳酸钙的硅酸钠水性悬浮液在酸性物质作用下，硅酸盐发生水解-缩合反应生成溶胶从而沉积在纳米碳酸钙粒子表面的溶胶沉淀法，制备出具有核-壳结构的纳米碳酸钙／二氧化硅复合粒子。用TEM、IR、xPs、TGA、xRD等方法对复合粒子的大小、形貌、化学组成、结构、热性能及晶型等作了分析和表征。     

SiO2气凝胶制备及疏水改性研究

采用六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDZ)和六甲基二硅氧烷(HMDSO)为表面改性剂,对正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)经溶胶-凝胶过程制备的凝胶进行表面改性,大幅度简化了洗涤过程,常压干燥制备了疏水SiO2气凝胶,并研究了表面改性剂对SiO2气凝胶结构和性能的影响.结果表明,所制备的疏水SiO2气凝胶有良好的疏水性能,吸附水量低于3%,与水的接触角大于130°;疏水SiO2气凝胶的密度、比表面积和孔隙率分别为150～225 kg/m3、750～900 m2/g和88%～93%,其颗粒尺寸为1～100 nm.     

二氧化硅气凝胶的等效热导率理论

应用分子运动论对二氧化硅气凝胶的传热机理进行了研究。根据其微观结构特点,建立了纳米孔隙模型。考虑气体分子间的相互作用力,推导了纳米孔隙内气体的热导率,得到了二氧化硅气凝胶内气体热导率的表达式。建立了二氧化硅气凝胶固相结构单元导热模型,运用分子运动论推导了固相结构的热导率,获得了二氧化硅气凝胶的总体等效热导率。结果表明,影响二氧化硅气凝胶内气体热导率的主要因素是气体的平均分子自由程与分子之间以及分子与壁面之间的相互作用,固相结构单元的直径和接触界面的直径是影响固相结构单元热导率的主要因素,而二氧化硅气凝胶孔隙尺寸的分布严重影响其等效热导率。     

高性能玻璃钢内衬的研制

本文介绍了用８％－１０％ＣＴＢＮ改性酚醛；高硅复合材料研制的固体发动机长尾喷管内衬的性能及发动机试车结果。     

二氧化硅气凝胶原位填充聚酰亚胺泡沫的结构及隔热性能研究

以超轻质开孔柔性聚酰亚胺泡沫为基体,采用溶胶凝胶工艺制备了一系列二氧化硅气凝胶原位填充的聚酰亚胺复合泡沫。复合泡沫密度10~100 kg/m³可调,厚度1~ 400 mm可调,最大宏观尺寸可达1 m×1 m。对其泡孔结构、隔热性能、热性能进行了系统表征,分析了二氧化硅气凝胶原位填充聚酰亚胺泡沫的隔热机理。结果表明：二氧化硅气凝胶的引入,可有效降低复合泡沫室温热导率,提高其隔热性能;随着二氧化硅气凝胶含量的增加,聚酰亚胺复合泡沫的热导率由38.8 mW/（m·K）降低至19.6 mW/（m·K）;热端温度300 ℃时,复合泡沫热导率仅为61.1 mW/（m·K）;填充二氧化硅气凝胶后,聚酰亚胺复合泡沫热稳定性大大提高,在900 ℃下热失重残留量约为80%。     

柔性氧化硅气凝胶隔热复合材料的制备和性能

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,高硅氧纤维为增强体,采用氨水催化一步法制备了柔性的纤维增强氧化硅气凝胶隔热复合材料。当pH=7时,气凝胶的比表面积最大;水含量增大,比表面积降低;乙醇含量增大,比表面积增大,EtOH/TEOS(摩尔比)大于10以上,比表面积增加不明显,趋于稳定。以比表面积较大的气凝胶作为基体的柔性复合材料常温热导率为0.031 W/(m.K)[纯高硅氧纤维毡为0.044 W/(m.K)]。该柔性隔热材料安装方便,特别适用于大面积、不规则形状的包覆隔热。     

Z125与N234对NR和S-SBR硫化胶增强效果的比较

在比表面积相近的情况下,探讨白炭黑(Z125)及碳黑(N234)对天然橡胶(NR)和溶聚丁苯橡胶(S-SBR)硫化胶的抗割口增长能力及动态力学性能的影响.结果表明,Z125和N234对NR和S-SBR两种硫化胶的增强效果相差不大;NR硫化胶的抗割口增长能力明显好于S-SBR硫化胶;NR中填充Z125的抗割口增长能力好于N234且随疲劳次数的增加Z125的优势更加明显,而S-SBR中填充N234的抗割口增长能力好于Z125且两者的抗割口增长速率基本不随疲劳次数的增加而改变;Z125使NR和S-SBR硫化胶在0℃和70℃下的tanδ值分别低于N234增强相应硫化胶.