振荡燃烧过程的同步测量方法

振动燃烧是由非稳定燃烧放热和压力脉动互相耦合产生的系统振荡过程。振荡燃烧的研究方法之一是对自激振荡燃烧相互耦合过程进行研究,得到系统的闭环特性。另外还可以对燃烧系统施加特定的扰动以得到燃烧系统的开环特性。为了研究振荡燃烧的动态过程,需要实现不同物理量的同步测量。相同步方法能够实现压力脉动与燃烧放热率脉动的同步测量,确定二者间的周期变化关系。通过对两个不同振荡类型的实验台进行相同步测量,分析振荡燃烧过程中压力脉动与放热率脉动的相位关系,并讨论了相同步方法的误差,提出了不同实现方案。这些结果将有助于我们提高火焰测量的相同步技术的准确性。     

Large-eddy simulation and linear acoustic modeling of entropy mode oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection

Lean-burn combustor is particularly susceptible to combustion instability and the unsteady heat release is usually considered as the excitation of the self-maintained thermo-acoustic oscillations. The transverse coolant injection is widely used to reduce the temperature of burnt gas, but on the other hand, it will introduce temperature fluctuation inside the combustor. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of the coolant injection on combustion instability, and evaluate its dynamic feature. In this paper, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of the self-excited pressure oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection is carried out. The analysis of transient flow characteristics and the identification of the pressure modes confirm that one of the low frequency pressure oscillations is related to entropy fluctuations, which is known as rumble combustion instability. The LES results show that transient coolant injection is another excitation of temperature fluctuation other than unsteady combustion. The amplitude of the entropy mode oscillation increases with increasing coolant air mass whereas the change of its frequency is insignificant. According to the major feature of entropy wave oscillation caused by coolant injection, a compact coolant injection model is proposed and applied in the One Dimensional (1D) Acoustic Network Method (ANM). Key correlations used in the model match well with LES data in low frequency range. This means that the coolant injection model is a complex one reflecting the interaction of the fluctuating coolant mass, pressure and temperature. Finally, the combustion instability frequencies and modes predicted by acoustic network method are also in good agreement with LES results.     

隔离段内激波串受稳态和脉动背压影响的数值研究

本文基于非稳态雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程,探究在来流 条件下隔离段内激波串在稳态背压、脉动背压与隔离段自激振荡共振状态下的振荡特性。结果表明：隔离段激波串的自激振荡频率受稳态背压大小的影响,激波串在9倍和10倍来流静压的稳态背压条件下会产生频率分别为506Hz和454 Hz的自激振荡,且激波串前缘位置呈周期振荡。 在脉动背压条件下,激波串运动受脉动背压和自激振荡的共同作用,产生多个主导频率;当脉动背压振荡频率与自激振荡频率相近时,激波串运动达到共振状态,主要体现在激波串振幅的增强,振幅大小可以达到管道长度的33.5%,而受到100Hz的低频脉动背压影响时,振幅大小为管道长度的24%;同时共振状态下隔离段内上游的压升较受100Hz低频脉动背压影响的受迫振荡状态更高;出口脉动背压的相位变化对共振状态下激波串运动振幅几乎没有影响,表明激波串的自激振荡可能存在“自适应”特征,能匹配激波串受迫振荡的相位变化。     

自励模式霍尔推力器设计

为实现P70霍尔推力器自励模式稳定放电运行,分别设计了满足自励模式放电要求的磁路和电路。其磁路设计是基于霍尔推力器他励运行模式最优放电性能参数和磁势不变原理,采用FEMM有限元磁场计算软件建模,将推力器内铁心半径由7 mm减至4 mm,可得到满足自励模式运行要求的优化磁场。针对电磁线圈串入主放电回路不同位置对放电的影响,考虑电磁线圈绝缘要求,提出将电磁线圈串入放电电源负极性端,整体电路设计可使放电可靠。性能对比实验表明,自励模式与他励模式性能接近,在放电电压为420V时,自励模式最高效率达到61%。自励模式实验获得了稳定放电,且放电电流低频振荡幅值很小。     

尺度效应下均压槽结构对空气静压轴承自激振动的影响

空气静压轴承表面的均压槽结构能有效提高轴承的承载特性,但气膜内由于湍动能变化引发流场振动,形成非线性的自激涡振,影响系统的动态稳定性.为了提高空气轴承的稳定性,基于静压气体润滑理论和稀薄气体动力学基本原理,建立空气静压轴承的气膜流场数学模型;通过数值模拟和实验测试相结合,分析了直槽、环槽、复合均压槽在不同均压槽截面形状...     

Experimental study on drilling basalt with self-vibratory drilling head

Based on the goal of improving the rock breaking ability when drilling asteroid rock samples under limited energy conditions, this paper proposes a method of drilling rock using self-vibratory drilling head and develops a small self-vibratory drilling head for drilling rock. In order to analyze the dynamic characteristics of drilling rock with self-vibratory drilling head, a rock model hypothesis that the rock consists of a series of micro-segment uniform continuous media is put forward. Base on the hypothesis, the model of drilling rock is constructed, the stability lobes diagram of self-vibratory drilling head drilling basalt is plotted, and the energy mechanism of drilling rock system with self-vibratory drilling head is discussed. The comparison tests of drilling basalt by three kinds of self-vibratory drilling head with different spring stiffness and the conventional method are carried out. The rotational speed is a variable in the comparative tests. The test results show that under the specific rotational speed and spring stiffness, self-excited vibration is produced in self-vibratory drilling head drilling basalt. When self-excited vibration drilling is conducted, although the amplitude fluctuation range of the drilling thrust force is wider than that of conventional drilling, the average drilling thrust force is smaller than the conventional drilling. The amplitude of drilling thrust force increases with an increase in spring stiffness. The method of drilling rock by self-vibratory drilling head is proved to be a potential method for viable drilling of asteroid rock samples.