硝化纤维素溶液冰冻过程中的折光指数增量

用定量体积排斥色谱（ＳＥＣ）的方法,以示差折光检测器的响应为基础,测定了硝化纤维素溶液冰冻及其加热以后的折光指数增量。结果表明：冰冻后,由于分子链发生链内凝聚（缠结）,硝化纤维素分子链周围溶剂化溶剂分子数减少,使硝化纤维素溶液的示差折光指数增量增加。加热后,由于硝化纤维素分子链获得能量,链内缠结点解开,溶剂化溶剂分子数增加,造成硝化纤维素溶液的折光指数增量降低。由此建立了以折光指数增量为基础,估算硝化纤维素分子在溶液中完全伸展时每个链段上的溶剂化溶剂分子数的理论公式,并且估算出常温下每个硝化纤维素链段就吸附有１３个溶剂化溶剂分子,这对建立硝化纤维素这类半刚性高分子链凝聚过程和凝聚态结构的物理图像具有重要意义。     

ROPP反演软件算法及其精度分析

介绍了ROPP反演软件中无线电掩星反演的算法与精度分析. 采用COSMIC卫星2008年1 月1日全天的附加相位数据, 反演得到折射率、温度、压强与湿度等参数, 并与CDAAC 相应结果进行对比. 实验结果表明, 在30km高度以下, 折射率、压强和湿度的相对 误差在2%以内, 温度误差不超过2K.      

Seasonal variation of surface refractivity over Nigeria

The seasonal variation of surface refractivity over Nigeria was studied using two years in-situ meteorological data from eight locations over Nigeria. The result shows that the surface refractivity generally has higher value during rainy season than dry season at all location studied. The results also show that the value of surface refractivity increases from arid region in the north to the coastal area in south. The results also show that local meteorology plays a very important role in refractivity variation.     

Tomographic determination of the spatial distribution of water vapor using GPS observations

With the advent of the GPS navigation system, a promising ground based technique has been introduced which makes it possible to estimate the amount of water vapor in the troposphere from operational GPS networks at relatively low additional costs. While the estimation of the integrated amount is currently well established, the determination of the spatial water vapor distribution and its temporal variation are still a major challenge. To account for the vertical resolution, several tomographic approaches were pursued. We developed the software package AWATOS (atmospheric water vapor tomography software) which is based on the assimilation of double differenced GPS observations. Applying a least-squares inversion, the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of water vapor is determined. An extensive investigation has been carried out in Switzerland. GPS measurements are performed by the dense permanent Swiss national GPS network AGNES of the Swiss Federal Office of Topography (swisstopo). A total of 40 equally distributed water vapor profiles have been estimated on an hourly basis. For the purpose of validation, 22 radiosonde profiles were used at the GPS and meteorological station Payerne. Furthermore, data of the numerical weather model aLMo (alpine model in Switzerland, MeteoSwiss) were compared with the tomographic results. An overall good agreement of the three methods with an rms of better than 1.6 g/m³ absolute humidity was achieved. The results show that AGNES can be used as a dedicated network for the purpose of GPS-tomography, using a horizontal resolution of approximately 50 km and height layers of 300–500 m thickness in the lower troposphere.     

大气折射率干项引起电波折射误差的简便算法

提出了大气折射率干项引起电波折射误差的简便算法。重点给出了在现有条件下获得大气折射率干项的等值高度与地面温度实用模型的方法, 并给出了中国某地的模型系数     

双通道微波辐射计大气折射率剖面反演的神经网络算法

基于地基双通道微波辐射计（23．8GHz和31．65GHz）所测天顶方向的亮温测量数据和地面气象参数,给出了一种利用微波辐射测量反演大气折射率剖面的神经网络算法。利用青岛地区历史探空数据仿真的大气辐射亮温对神经网络进行了训练,回归得到了三段折射率剖面模型,并对利用实测亮温反演的大气折射率剖面与探空实测折射率剖面和模式剖面进行了比较分析,分析结果表明利用微波辐射计反演的折射率剖面与实测剖面间有很好的一致性,较三段折射率剖面模式具有更好的反演精度。     

Quantitative analyses of complexity and nonlinear trend of radio refractivity gradient in the troposphere

In this paper, the complexity and nonlinear trends of Radio Refractivity Gradient (RRG) in the troposphere over selected locations in Nigeria are analyzed and discussed extensively. The RRG is an important parameter in estimating path clearance and propagation effects such as ducting, surface reflection and multi-path on terrestrial line of-sights links. Also, radio wave signal propagating in the troposphere is affected by unpredictability of a weather condition which includes the variations of meteorological parameters such as temperature, pressure and relative humidity. The complex state of the atmosphere, which is the medium for the transmission of radio signals tend to have very strong influence such as scintillation and ducting on the quality of the radio signal, amplitude and phase. Variations in the meteorological parameters also induce variations in the refractive index of the atmosphere which in-turn results in the effect known as radio refractivity. For effective prediction and modeling of radio signal propagation, one should be able to characterize the nature and predictability of the computed RRG information. Chaotic Quantifiers (CQ) such as Phase Plot Reconstruction (PPR), Average Mutual Information (AMI), False Nearest Neighbor (FNN), Recurrence Plot (RP) and Recurrence Quantification Analyses (RQA) are used to assess the RRG. The information reveal, however, is based on the prediction techniques, design and frequency planning of microwave networks which may be useful for optimum performances during atmospheric turbulence.