Effect of bristle pack position on the rotordynamic characteristics of brush-labyrinth seals at various operating conditions

Over the last few decades, the research on the effect of bristle pack position on the rotordynamic characteristics of the brush-labyrinth seals is not sufficient. To this end, two kinds of brush-labyrinth seals for the bristle pack element installed upstream of the labyrinth teeth named BSU and installed downstream of the labyrinth teeth called BSD were used to investigate the effect of bristle pack position on the rotordynamic characteristics of the brush-labyrinth seals. Using the numerical model combining the porous medium model and the whirling rotor method, the rotordynamic characteristics of the BSU and BSD at various operating conditions including four kinds of pressure ratios, five kinds of inlet preswirl speeds and four kinds of rotor spinning speeds were conducted. The obtained results show that the effects of operating conditions on rotordynamic coefficients for the different seal configurations are different. The direct stiffness, cross-coupled stiffness and direct damping of the BSU are lower than those of the BSD. The rotordynamic coefficients of the BSU are more insensitive to the operating conditions variation. From the perspective of the seal stability, the BSU is a better brush-labyrinth seal configuration at high pressure ratio, high positive preswirl or high rotor spinning speed conditions. While in the case of low pressure ratio, low positive preswirl or low rotor spinning speed conditions, the BSD is a better choice.     

Application of improved active disturbance rejection control algorithm in tilt quad rotor

The Tilt Quad Rotor (TQR) has complex dynamics characteristics, especially in conversion mode. It is difficult to build the dynamic model of the TQR and the environmental factors have a great influence on it. To solve the problem of control in conversion mode of TQR, this paper carries out the design of the controller based on improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC). According to the characteristics of flight in conversion mode, Tracking Differentiator (TD) with explicit model is used to solve the problem of multiple integrals when the system is high-order system. Extended State Observer (ESO) with Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network is used to estimate and compensate for internal and external uncertainties, and the adaptive sliding mode control in Nonlinear State Error Feedback (NLSEF) is used to improve the response speed of the controller and reduce the parameters which should be tuned. Through the flight control simulation of the TQR, the validity and rationality of the control system are verified.     

Flow mechanism between purge flow and mainstream in different turbine rim seal configurations

The rim seal is used to prevent mainstream ingestion to the gap between the vane of a turbine and its blade. In this article, the dolphin lip with a hook configuration and a large seal cavity with hook structures are designed based on the high-pressure turbine datum single shark lip rim seal configuration. The sealing effect and parameters of the flow field are measured by an experiment method and a numerical simulation is used to explain the mechanism. For three configurations, the effect of the leakage slot vortex on the efficiency of the seal and the influence of leakage vortex, generated by the interaction between purge flow and mainstream flow, are discussed in depth. The result shows that the reverse vortex formed by the dolphin lip rim seal with hook structure will increase the sealing efficiency. The seal configuration with a large cavity improves sealing efficiency to a greater extent than the datum structure. At different purge flow rates and with unequal seal structures, the purge flow produces three types of leakage vortices in the passage. Besides, the seal configuration with dolphin lip produces a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the interface of the purge and the mainstream flows at a low purge flow rate to induce new leakage vortex branches in the passage of the blade.     

基于虚拟正交试验的压气机叶轮轴-毂径向微动特性研究

用Pro/E建立压气机叶轮轴-毂三维模型,利用ANSYS软件采用子结构结合网格随移技术的分析方法,建立其有限元模型。采用虚拟正交试验方法对压气机叶轮轴-毂进行仿真,得出过盈量、摩擦系数、转速对最大单位摩擦功和平均摩擦功影响显著性次序及影响规律,得到最优组合。结果表明,模拟及正交试验优化结果准确、可靠,有效地降低了摩擦磨损程度,对实际装配过程具有一定的指导作用。     

螺旋槽端面气膜密封结构高温特性研究

为了研究螺旋槽端面气膜密封结构在高温下的密封性能,建立了高温密封分析数学模型,研究了螺旋槽气膜密封的气膜温度、压力以及端面变形分布规律,在此基础上探讨了螺旋槽气膜密封的热变形机理,并进一步分析了不同密封压力、转速、环境温度下热效应对开启力和泄漏率的影响。结果表明:在高压、高速条件下,热效应使端面形成发散间隙,导致开启力减小,泄漏率增加;在低压、高速条件下,热效应使端面形成收敛间隙,导致开启力及泄漏率增大。对于螺旋槽端面气膜密封结构,环境温度的升高对端面变形的影响不明显,且环境温度从300 K升至550 K时,考虑端面热效应的开启力减小4%,泄漏率减少36%。     

旋转对固体火箭发动机燃烧室燃气流动的影响

采用RNG k-ε湍流模型,计算了某管状装药旋转固体火箭发动机在不同旋转速度情况下的燃烧室喷管统一流场,着重分析了不同转速情况下燃烧室内燃气流动的特点,得到了该发动机燃烧室内旋流切向速度沿径向分布趋势以及旋流涡核半径在不同转速情况下的变化特点,对燃烧室前封头局部区域的流场结构也进行了较为细致的分析.     

基于多孔介质模型的指尖密封泄漏流动分析

将指尖密封处理为多孔介质,把压力梯度作为多孔介质动量方程中的源项,根据试验结果确定了源项中的系数,结合指尖密封的结构参数提出了用于指尖密封泄漏的多孔介质模型,利用该模型计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,证明利用该模型模拟指尖密封泄漏是可行的.流场计算结果表明:指尖密封与转子接触部分的孔隙率对泄漏影响比较大,指尖密封的承压部分主要为后挡板内径以下区域.      

波浪形非均匀间隙封严结构影响涡轮性能的数值模拟

利用数值模拟的方法研究了波浪形非均匀间隙封严结构和均匀轴向间隙封严结构下轮缘封严气流对涡轮性能的影响.研究表明:燃气入侵与出流结构受到静盘、动盘及主流切向速度的影响,以低于动盘转速同向旋转,并改变了转子的进气条件,增强了压力面马蹄涡强度,因此对转子出口流场造成很大影响.封严气流与上游导叶尾迹的相互作用引起转子通道内熵增,造成涡轮效率的下降.与均匀轴向间隙封严结构相比,波浪形非均匀间隙封严结构使大的入侵与出流结构破碎为小的结构,对涡轮性能的负面影响减小,涡轮效率提高了0.9%.结果证明了波浪形非均匀间隙封严结构在具有较好的封严效果的同时提高了涡轮性能.      

Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

Practical compensation for nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system

The real dynamic thrust measurement system usually tends to be nonlinear due to the complex characteristics of the rig, pipes connection, etc. For a real dynamic measuring system,the nonlinearity must be eliminated by some adequate methods. In this paper, a nonlinear model of dynamic thrust measurement system is established by using radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN), where a novel multi-step force generator is designed to stimulate the nonlinearity of the system, and a practical compensation method for the measurement system using left inverse model is proposed. Left inverse model can be considered as a perfect dynamic compensation of the dynamic thrust measurement system, and in practice, it can be approximated by RBF-NN based on least mean square(LMS) algorithms. Different weights are set for producing the multi-step force, which is the ideal input signal of the nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system. The validity of the compensation method depends on the engine’s performance and the tolerance error0.5%, which is commonly demanded in engineering. Results from simulations and experiments show that the practical compensation using left inverse model based on RBF-NN in dynamic thrust measuring system can yield high tracking accuracy than the conventional methods.