A comprehensive survey on the methods of angle of attack measurement and estimation in UAVs

Angle of Attack (AOA) is a crucial parameter which directly affects the aerodynamic forces of an aircraft. The measurement of AOA is required to ensure a safe flight within its designed flight envelop. This paper intends to summarise a comprehensive survey on the measurement techniques and estimation methods for AOA, specifically in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications. In the case of UAVs, weight constraint plays a major role as far as sensor suites are concerned. This results in selecting a suitable estimation method to extract AOA using the available data from the autopilot. The most feasible and widely employed AOA measurement technique is by using the Multi-Hole Probes (MHPs). The MHP measures the AOA regarding the pressure variations between the ports. Due to the importance of MHP in AOA measurement, the calibration methods for the MHP are also included in this paper. This paper discusses the AOA measurement using virtual AOA sensors, their importance and the operation.     

Influence of thickness and initial groove angle in M–K model on limit strain of 7B04 by considering through-thickness stress

Marciniack–Kuczinski (M–K) model is widely used to predict material’s forming limit curve (FLC). The prediction of FLC traditionally neglected through-thickness normal stress. However, it cannot be neglected in some forming processes. Much work has been done to study the effect of through-thickness normal stress on FLC with constant through-thickness normal stress or constant ratio of through-thickness normal stress and maximum principal stress. In addition, based on Nakazima test process, the ratio of through-thickness normal stress and maximum principal stress has been derived, which was a function of instantaneous thickness and loading path. Here, initial groove angle in M–K model was not considered. In this paper, uniaxial tension tests and Nakazima tests were performed on 7B04 aluminum alloy. Based on Hill 48 yield criterion and M–K model, the prediction model of FLC was established. The increase of thickness can enhance FLC. Meanwhile, it is necessary to consider through-thickness normal stress and initial groove angle in prediction model. On the left side of FLC, the effect of initial groove angle on FLC is weakened by increasing sheet thickness. On the right side of FLC, the effect of initial groove angle on FLC is strengthened by increasing sheet thickness. On the right side of FLC, the relation between limit strain points with different thicknesses is linear under one certain loading path. Thickness has decisive effect on through-thickness normal stress level and the changing trendy of through-thickness normal stress during calculation is different under different stress condition.     

Evaluation of a regional real-time precise positioning system based on GPS/BeiDou observations in Australia

The performance of real-time (RT) precise positioning can be improved by utilizing observations from multiple Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) instead of one particular system. Since the end of 2012, BeiDou, independently established by China, began to provide operational services for users in the Asia-Pacific regions. In this study, a regional RT precise positioning system is developed to evaluate the performance of GPS/BeiDou observations in Australia in providing high precision positioning services for users. Fixing three hourly updated satellite orbits, RT correction messages are generated and broadcasted by processing RT observation/navigation data streams from the national network of GNSS Continuously Operating Reference Stations in Australia (AUSCORS) at the server side. At the user side, RT PPP is realized by processing RT data streams and the RT correction messages received. RT clock offsets, for which the accuracy reached 0.07 and 0.28?ns for GPS and BeiDou, respectively, can be determined. Based on these corrections, an accuracy of 12.2, 30.0 and 45.6?cm in the North, East and Up directions was achieved for the BeiDou-only solution after 30 min while the GPS-only solution reached 5.1, 15.3 and 15.5?cm for the same components at the same time. A further improvement of 43.7, 36.9 and 45.0 percent in the three directions, respectively, was achieved for the combined GPS/BeiDou solution. After the initialization process, the North, East and Up positioning accuracies were 5.2, 8.1 and 17.8?cm, respectively, for the BeiDou-only solution, while 1.5, 3.0, and 4.7?cm for the GPS-only solution. However, we only noticed a 20.9% improvement in the East direction was obtained for the GPS/BeiDou solution, while no improvements in the other directions were detected. It is expected that such improvements may become bigger with the increasing accuracy of the BeiDou-only solution.     

薄膜充气管充气展开特性试验

用展开导轨消除因重力产生的摩擦力,在不同充气速率与初始展开角条件下对薄膜材料充气管的充气展开特性进行了试验研究,获得了展开角,以及展开加速度和内气压的变化规律。试验及分析结果表明:充气管的充气膨胀与展开相互独立,充气膨胀过程近似为等压增容过程,折叠部位的气压变化特性与整体气压变化特性差异明显。     

高精度圆度仪误差分离装置研制及测量不确定度分析

介绍了一种由程控型多齿分度台和高精度圆度仪组合而成的全自动误差分离装置，该装置能够使圆度仪主轴回转误差从被测工件测量结果中可靠分离，从而极大地提高了圆度测量不确定度，本文对该装置测量不确定度进行了分析。     

基于分段常滑翔角的长航时纵向远程滑翔飞行方程近似解

提出用包含地球旋转效应的n个常滑翔角飞行段近似实际滑翔飞行轨迹的方法。基于该方法推导了长航时纵向远程滑翔飞行轨迹近似解，并给出了各段常滑翔角、滑翔时间的求解方法及整个滑翔轨迹近似计算步骤。文中算例结果表明，该近似求解方法计算得到的滑翔航程和滑翔时间与实际值相差很小，航程误差率约为0．7％，时间误差率约为0．6％，因此该方法在近似小初始滑翔角的长航时远程纵向滑翔飞行时是有效的、可行的，尤其针对航程在地球半圈以上的滑翔飞行轨迹。     

基于一维相控阵引信的起爆控制算法研究

工程上实现最佳引战配合要求导弹战斗部最大破片密度方向瞄准目标要害部位。基于一维相控阵引信的波束控制技术,推导了最佳起爆角和起爆延时算法,并研究了一种改进卡尔曼滤波方法在此算法中的应用。该滤波算法将球坐标系中导弹导引头的测量信息转换到直角坐标系下进行滤波,同时消除了由于坐标转换而引起的偏差。仿真结果表明,该滤波算法的应用能得到很高的最佳起爆角和起爆延时估计精度。     

大型复合材料结构优化设计方法研究

建立了适合于大型复合材料结构的优化设计方法，该方法在复合材料结构有限元分析的基础上对复合材料结构进行优化设计。在建立有限元模型时应用了区域划分技术，然后对结构分两级进行优化：第一级是对结构的铺层角度进行优化。第二级对结构的铺层厚度进行优化。最后，以工字梁结构为例，进行了算法验证。