FY—1C极轨气象卫星的进展

在概述美国和俄罗斯等国外极轨气象卫星发展概况的基础上，介绍了中国极轨与静止轨道两种气象卫星的业务应用卫星体系，重点介绍了“风云一号”（02星）即FY－1C极轨气象卫星的任务、总体设计、技术特点、关键技术以及所取得的进展。最后简述了新一代有轨气象卫星FY－3的发展设想。     

二元冰蓄冷测试技术及其评价

对二元冰蓄冷系统的测试技术进行了系统的介绍并作出了相应的评价。着重介绍了二元冰的性质及系统中凝聚现象和含冰率的测试技术,为二元冰蓄冷系统的测试研究指明了方向。     

OSIRIS-REx low-velocity particles during outbound cruise

We analyzed high-angular rate streaks first recorded by OSIRIS-REx’s MapCam during a 2017 search for Earth Trojan asteroids. We interpret them as water-ice particles that translated across the imager’s field of view, originating from the spacecraft itself. Their translation velocities approximated 0.1–1?m/s based on reasonable conclusions about their range. Pursuing several lines of investigation to seek a coherent hypothesis, we conclude that the episodic releases of the water ice particles are associated with spacecraft attitudes that resulted in solar illumination of previously shadowed regions. This correlation suggests that the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft itself possesses micro-climatic zones consisting of hot regions and cold traps that may temporarily potentially pass volatiles back and forth before losing most of them.     

Application of small-size antennas for estimation of angles of arrival of HF signals scattered by ionospheric irregularities

A modification of the Doppler Interferometry Technique is suggested to enable estimating angles of arrival of comparatively broadband HF signals scattered by random irregularities of the ionospheric plasma with the use of small-size weakly directional antennas. The technique is based on the measurements of cross-spectra phases of the probe radiation recorded at least in three spatially separated points. The developed algorithm has been used to investigate the angular and frequency-time characteristics of HF signals propagating at frequencies above the maximum usable one (MUF) for the direct radio path Moscow-Kharkiv. The received signal spectra show presence of three families of spatial components attributed, respectively, to scattering by plasma irregularities near the middle point of the radio path, ground backscatter signals and scattering of the sounding signals by the intense plasma turbulence associated with auroral activations. It has been shown that the regions responsible for the formation of the third family components are located well inside the auroral oval. The drift velocity and direction of the auroral ionosphere plasma have been determined. The obtained estimates are consistent with the classical conception of the ionospheric plasma convection at high latitudes and do not contradict the results of investigations of the auroral ionosphere dynamics using the SuperDARN network.     

基于等 Weber 数的结冰外形修正

由于设备条件的限制,在进行结冰风洞试验时,试验 Weber 数与目标 Weber 数往往存在差异,为了获得与目标 Weber 数对应的冰形,需要对试验结果进行修正。本文分析了进行 Weber 数修正的原因,提出了根据几何特征量进行结冰外形修正的方法,并以某超临界翼型为对象,对不同 Weber 条件下的结冰外形进行了仿真,研究了Weber 数变化对结冰的影响规律,在此基础上开展了基于等 Weber 数的结冰外形修正。研究发现：(1)Weber 数主要影响冰角特征,对水滴收集特性、结冰极限及驻点冰厚度影响较小;(2)存在一个敏感 Weber 数,低于敏感值时, Weber 数变化对结冰影响不大,当 Weber 数高于敏感值时,Weber 数变化对结冰有明显影响;(3)采用本文提出的冰形修正方法,能保证冰形的宏观轮廓与目标冰形一致,修正后的冰形能适量消除由于 Weber 数误差导致的冰形差异,提高试验的精度。     

结冰翼型表面明冰的压力分布和应力计算

在不同来流速度和攻角下,比较分析了冰型外部压力分布的变化规律,计算分析了外部压力分布对表面冰型的力学特性影响规律,研究了冰型和蒙皮界面间最大剪切应力的变化规律,并结合剪切强度随界面温度变化的实验曲线,分析了最大剪切应力对冰层脱落的贡献.计算结果表明:最大剪切应力是剪切强度的5.48%,因此气动力对冰层的脱落贡献不大;当开启热除冰装置后,由于蒙皮表面温度的不断上升,冰型和蒙皮界面间剪切强度的下降,当表面温度为-2℃时,最大剪切应力超过剪切强度的10%,此位置可能率先产生破裂,从而加速冰层的脱落.      

二维翼型结冰数值计算

翼型结冰计算是随着结冰时间步长变化的准定常过程,因此在每个时间步长后都要更新各个模块的计算工作,如此反复直到达总结冰计算时间.在各模块计算中,分别采用了泊松方程法生成网格、求解雷诺时均方程计算流场、拉格朗日追踪法求解水滴轨迹、基于Messinger模型计算冰形、采用变距滤点法重构边界.引入动态链接库技术将各模块集成为结冰计算平台,并将三种冰形(楔形冰、槽状冰及混合冰)计算结果与国外软件及试验数据进行了对比.      

风力机叶片翼型的结冰数值模拟研究

研究了风力机叶片翼型的结冰数值模拟方法,及翼型结冰后对其气动性能的影响。求解雷诺平均N-S方程,引入k-ωSST湍流模型封闭方程,获得风力机叶片流场;采用拉格朗日法计算风力机叶片翼型周围的水滴运动轨迹,同时考虑了多尺寸水滴分布的影响,获得翼型表面的局部水收集系数分布;根据质量守恒和能量守恒原理,计算翼型表面的各项热流,获得翼型表面的结冰速率和结冰冰形;考虑到翼型结冰是时间的动态函数,采用多时间步长法完成结冰数值模拟。计算了风力机叶片翼型在不同环境条件和气象条件下的结冰冰形,同时模拟了风力机翼型结冰后周围流场的变化,并与干净翼型的气动特性进行了对比。结果表明,环境温度较高时形成的明冰对翼型气动性能的影响较大,结冰导致翼型升力下降,升阻比减小,最大减小幅度达到61%,同时结冰后的翼型会提前进入失速区,导致桨叶气动性能恶化。     

冰雪灾害对3种不同林分的损害特征比较

通过调查广东北部受冰雪灾害地区的湿地松、阔叶林和杉木林3种林分,比较了不同树种组成的林分在冰雪灾害下的受害特征.研究表明:林木受害类型可分为折断、弯曲、倒伏和断头4种类型;湿地松林折断的树木最多,占88%;阔叶林折断的树木占64%;杉木林没有弯曲和倒伏的树木,基本是折断和断头的类型.胸径在9.0 cm以下的杉木多数容易发生折断,而胸径在9.0 cm以上的杉木则多数容易发生断头.杉木与湿地松受害特征不同,杉木断干高较高些,而湿地松则容易在低处折断.不同林分生物量的总损失量排序为:阔叶林>湿地松林>杉木林.     

多段翼构型的积冰数值模拟

基于非结构网格提出一种针对多段翼构型的积冰数值模拟方法.通过求解气体欧拉方程得到多段翼的绕流流场,基于空气绕流流场的气流速度分布,采用迭代法对水滴控制方程进行数值求解,得到多段翼各翼面的水滴收集特性;采用不同的积冰冻结模型模拟霜冰和明冰的冻结过程;利用冰层时间推进法模拟积冰过程,基于积冰法向生长假设生成积冰外形.对某典型三段翼霜冰和明冰的结冰情况进行了预测研究,根据多段翼的流场特点提出一种明冰冻结模型的求解思路,并分析了积冰对多段翼性能的影响.