多道扫描探针系统在电弧风洞中的应用

介绍了一种用于诊断电弧风洞等离子体参数的多道扫描探针系统，使用该系统研究了ＦＤ０４风洞空流场的等离子体特性，利用ＣＴＷ理论分析了探针数据，实时给出了流场攻密度的空间分布。实验表明，空流场的电子温度分布基本是均匀的；电子密度分布与流场结构紧密相关，电子密度变化在３倍之内，随着流场结值的不同２，电子密度也随之变化。     

低轨航天器致空间等离子体尾流

建立起一个低轨道航天器引起的等离子体尾的二维计算机模式，结果表明：（１）尾流的宽度随表面负电位值的增加而变窄。（２）随离子马赫数增加尾流位垒变宽；（３）对正电位表面情况尾流近区有电子聚集，并且离子的放空更远。     

轴对称湍流射流的相似解

本文在相似性条件下,得到了用k-ε模式的轴对称湍流射流的相似方程。利用动量相似方程的近似求解结果作为初值,同时引入变量变换,进行迭代求解。本文的方法收敛速度快,计算简便。     

固体推进剂等离子体点火研究

为了研究等离子体对固体推进剂点火性能的影响，分别对双基药和硝胺药等两种固体推进剂，进行了等离子体点火实验。实验装置包括等离子体源、热电偶丝和动态信号分析仪。通过实验，获得了两种固体推进剂在不同的等离子体能量输入的条件下，其表面温度随时间变化的曲线。与常规点火数据相比，固体推进剂的等离子体点火延迟时间明显缩短。不同类型的固体推进剂，在相同的等离子体能量输入条件下，其点火性能不同；同一种类型的固体推进剂，在不同的等离子体能量输入条件下，其点火性能也不一样。     

The multifuid solar wind termination shock and its influence on the threedimensional plasma structure upstream and downstream

The solar wind termination shock is described as a multi-fluid phenomenon taking into account the magnetohydrodynamic self-interaction of a multispecies plasma consisting of solar wind ions, pick-up ions and shock-generated anomalous cosmic ray particles. The spatial diffusion of these high energy particles relative to the resulting, pressure-modified solar wind flow structure is described by a coupled system of differential equations describing mass-, momentum-, and energy-flow continuities for all plasma components. The energy loss due to escape of energetic particles (MeV) from the precursor into the inner heliosphere is taken into account. We determine the integrated properties of the anomalous cosmic ray gas and the low-energy solar wind. Also the variation of the compression ratio of the shock structure is quantitatively determined and is related to the pick-up ion energization efficiency and to the mean energy of the downstream anomalous cosmic ray particles. The variation of the resulting shock structure and of the solar wind sheath plasma extent beyond the shock is discussed with respect to its consequences for the LISM neutral gas filtration and the threedimensional shape of the heliosphere.     

余辉等离子体的实验研究

利用调制脉冲产生的余辉等离子体的参数测量表明:等离子体空间电位和电子温度的衰变是重要的,它在余辉等离子体的密度衰变过程研究中必须予以考虑.对容器中余辉等离子体密度径向分布的测量结果与理论预言是一致的.     

A survey of radio jets with Chandra and HST

Relativistic jets are a common property of radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Understanding jet physical properties is an essential precursor to understanding the mechanisms of energy transport, and ultimately, how energy is extracted from the central black hole. In this paper, I highlight recent developments from Chandra and HST observations of kpc-scale jets in AGN, with particular emphasis on our survey of 17 radio jets in a sample of FRII radio galaxies. These observations show that (1) X-ray and optical emission is common from kpc-scale jets, (2) a large fraction of the bolometric luminosity is emitted at X-rays, and (3) in most sources, a candidate emission process for the X-rays is inverse Compton scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background off the relativistic electrons in the jet. If the latter scenario holds, the implication is that jets are still relativistic on kpc scales.     

Study of the variability of blazars gamma-ray emission

The γ-ray emission of blazar jets shows a pronounced variability and this feature provides limits to the size and to the speed of the emitting region. We study the γ-ray variability of bright blazars using data from the first 18 months of activity of the Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. From the daily light-curves of the blazars characterized by a remarkable activity, we firstly determine the minimum variability time-scale, giving an upper limit for the size of the emitting region of the sources, assumed to be spheroidal blobs in relativistic motion. These regions must be smaller than ∼10⁻³ parsec. Another interesting time-scale is the duration of the outbursts. We conclude that they cannot correspond to radiation produced by a single blob moving relativistically along the jet, but they are either the signature of emission from a standing shock extracting energy from a modulated jet, or the superposition of a number of flares occurring on a shorter time-scale. We also derive lower limits on the bulk Lorentz factor needed to make the emitting region transparent for gamma-rays interacting through photon–photon collisions.     

Spectroscopy peculiarities of thermal plasma of electric arc discharge between electrodes with Zn admixtures

Plasma of the free burning electric arc between Ag–SnO₂–ZnO composite electrodes as well as brass electrodes were investigated. The plasma temperature distributions were obtained by Boltzmann plot method involving Cu I, Ag I or Zn I spectral line emissions. The electron density distributions were obtained from the width and from absolute intensity of spectral lines. The laser absorption spectroscopy was used for measurement of copper atom concentration in plasma. Plasma equilibrium composition was calculated using two independent groups of experimental values (temperature and copper atom concentration, temperature and electron density). It was found that plasma of the free burning electric arc between brass electrodes is in local thermodynamical equilibrium. The experimental verification of the spectroscopic data of Zn I spectral lines was carried out.