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1.
Arman Seuylemezian Manuela Buonanno Lisa Guan David J. Brenner David Welch 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(1):496-503
This work aims to investigate far-UVC light at 222 nm as a new microbial reduction tool for planetary protection purposes which could potentially be integrated into the spacecraft assembly process. The major advantage of far-UVC (222 nm) compared to traditional germicidal UVC (254 nm) is the potential for application throughout the spacecraft assembly process in the presence of humans without adverse health effects due to the limited penetration of far-UVC light into biological materials. Testing the efficacy of 222-nm light at inactivating hardy bacterial cells and spores isolated from spacecraft and associated surfaces is a necessary step to evaluate this technology. We assessed survival of Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 and Acinetobacter radioresistens 50v1 exposed to 222-nm light on proxy spacecraft surfaces simulated by drying the bacteria on aluminum coupons. The survival fraction of both bacteria followed a single stage decay function up to 60 mJ/cm2, revealing similar susceptibility of both species to 222-nm light, which was independent of the exposure rate. Irradiation with far-UVC light at 222 nm is an effective method to decontaminate the proxy spacecraft materials tested in this study. 相似文献
2.
Joris A. D. L. Blommaert Jan Cami Ryszard Szczerba Michael J. Barlow 《Space Science Reviews》2005,119(1-4):215-243
A large fraction of ISO observing time was used to study the late stages of stellar evolution. Many molecular and solid state
features, including crystalline silicates and the rotational lines of water vapour, were detected for the first time in the
spectra of (post-)Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars. Their analysis has greatly improved our knowledge of stellar atmospheres
and circumstellar environments. A surprising number of objects, particularly young planetary nebulae with Wolf-Rayet (WR)
central stars, were found to exhibit emission features in their ISO spectra that are characteristic of both oxygen-rich and
carbon-rich dust species, while far-IR observations of the PDR around NGC 7027 led to the first detections of the rotational
line spectra of CH and CH+.
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries:
France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. 相似文献
3.
Emergence of a Habitable Planet 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kevin Zahnle Nick Arndt Charles Cockell Alex Halliday Euan Nisbet Franck Selsis Norman H. Sleep 《Space Science Reviews》2007,129(1-3):35-78
We address the first several hundred million years of Earth’s history. The Moon-forming impact left Earth enveloped in a hot
silicate atmosphere that cooled and condensed over ∼1,000 yrs. As it cooled the Earth degassed its volatiles into the atmosphere.
It took another ∼2 Myrs for the magma ocean to freeze at the surface. The cooling rate was determined by atmospheric thermal
blanketing. Tidal heating by the new Moon was a major energy source to the magma ocean. After the mantle solidified geothermal
heat became climatologically insignificant, which allowed the steam atmosphere to condense, and left behind a ∼100 bar, ∼500 K
CO2 atmosphere. Thereafter cooling was governed by how quickly CO2 was removed from the atmosphere. If subduction were efficient this could have taken as little as 10 million years. In this
case the faint young Sun suggests that a lifeless Earth should have been cold and its oceans white with ice. But if carbonate
subduction were inefficient the CO2 would have mostly stayed in the atmosphere, which would have kept the surface near ∼500 K for many tens of millions of years.
Hydrous minerals are harder to subduct than carbonates and there is a good chance that the Hadean mantle was dry. Hadean heat
flow was locally high enough to ensure that any ice cover would have been thin (<5 m) in places. Moreover hundreds or thousands
of asteroid impacts would have been big enough to melt the ice triggering brief impact summers. We suggest that plate tectonics
as it works now was inadequate to handle typical Hadean heat flows of 0.2–0.5 W/m2. In its place we hypothesize a convecting mantle capped by a ∼100 km deep basaltic mush that was relatively permeable to
heat flow. Recycling and distillation of hydrous basalts produced granitic rocks very early, which is consistent with preserved
>4 Ga detrital zircons. If carbonates in oceanic crust subducted as quickly as they formed, Earth could have been habitable
as early as 10–20 Myrs after the Moon-forming impact. 相似文献
4.
本文综述了用4台发动机为动力的水上飞机自由飞模型起飞与降落性能的综合试验,这些性能包括稳定性、操纵性、飞溅、水阻力、着水撞击、起飞砰击、失速及耐波性等。模型与真实飞机保持几何、质量、运动状态、拉力、升降舵效率及其波浪谱的相似,故模型试验与真实飞机的试飞结果比较符合。同时着重介绍了模型试验的机载测试系统与地面测试系统。 相似文献
5.
通过分析返回舱在着陆时所具有的水平速度也可能对着陆安全构成威胁的事实,论述了为返回舱增加横向缓冲装置的必要性,由此提出亟需解决的问题——在返回舱着陆下降过程中测量其水平运动速度。提出了全新概念的以视觉图像为唯一信息来源的返回舱水平速度测量方法,仅以双目摄像机系统作为传感器,避免了对返回舱原有传感器系统的改造。通过对着陆区域地面图像的采集和在线处理,利用双目交会测量原理得到返回舱当前的大地坐标和姿态。仿真实验证明,方法简单易行,测量结果可靠。 相似文献
6.
一种分析轮式起落架直升机“舰面共振”的方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
针对轮式起落架直升机,提供了一种“舰面共振”动力稳定性分析方法。首先,针对直升机在舰面上随舰船一起摇晃时左右起落架受载不对称的状况,近似采用受对称载荷产生对称变形、受非对称载荷产生非对称变形的方法计算了直升机的平衡状态;其次,根据轮式起落架轮胎和缓冲支柱刚度和阻尼共同作用的特点,结合轮式起落架的几何关系,采用复刚度的方法得出起落架作用于机体的刚度与阻尼;最后,用桨叶振动模态法对轮式起落架的直升机进行了不同旋翼升力卸载以及鱼叉系留与否的“舰面共振”动力稳定性计算分析,并通过算例得到验证。 相似文献
7.
本文根据起落架系统的几何、运动学及动力学特性,推导出目前广泛使用的三维机身式起落架,并具有柔性支柱系统的着陆冲击力学模型。并对其初始条件、对称着陆及不对称着陆情况作了动力学分析。 相似文献
8.
9.
卢伟 《中国民航学院学报》2005,23(5):15-19
介绍了国外机场起降费的3种主要征收模式.利用边际成本定价模式确定飞机所需交纳的起降费从经济学角度来说是富于效率的,并且相关的原则也为越来越多的机场所采纳.指出在中国航空运输业迅速发展的背景下,边际成本定价模式可以为改革现有机场起降时段分配机制提供一种指导思路. 相似文献
10.
推导了不均布行星传动的装配条件;提出了不均布所带来的各行星轮合力及工作过程中的动不平衡离心力的计算公式;推荐了使其合力为零或减至最小的方法;得出了行星轮不均布的行星传动装置的使用条件和设计时应注意的几个问题。 相似文献