CF/PEEK超声原位固结铺放及其复合材料力学性能

热塑性复合材料自动铺放（ATP）原位固结成型是未来航空复合材料结构件的发展趋势,缩小其制件与热压制件性能的差距具有工程实践意义。基于超声原位固结成型工艺,制备碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮树脂基复合材料（CF/PEEK）层合板,并与铺放后热压和直接平板热压试样比较力学性能差异,为热塑性复合材料的自动铺放提供参考。结果表明,超声热源能够满足CF/PEEK铺放的能量要求,功率的增加和铺放速度的降低有利于铺层结合;与平板热压试样相比,铺放成型试样的孔隙率高,纤维存在部分损伤;在节省了平板热压后固化周期的情况下,超声铺放单向层合板试样拉伸强度、拉伸模量和层间剪切强度分别为1.32、113.8 GPa和39.2 MPa,达到了直接热压试样的80.4%、84.8%和65.1%,在经过热压后固化后,分别提高到直接热压的92.1%、92.6%和82.5%。超声原位固结成型试样的简支梁摆锤冲击失效形式为分层,其经过热压后,孔隙率下降,铺层结合强度提高,试样的冲击失效形式为断裂,与直接热压的相同。     

PEEK卡箍载荷及耐环境性能研究

为支撑型号设计选用,针对P型和马鞍型两种结构的聚醚醚酮卡箍进行了拉伸载荷试验和多种环境试验,分析了振动与冲击、温度老化、液体浸渍、湿度、盐雾等环境试验条件对产品性能的影响,试验得到了卡箍最易失效的受力方向以及不同安装方式、不同温度条件下的拉伸载荷数据。研究表明:PEEK卡箍在试验环境温度下拉伸性能比较稳定;在湿热环境下易出现开胶现象;在振动与冲击、温度老化等环境载荷下能保证结构完整和性能稳定,可以在一定条件下代替金属箍带卡箍。     

长玻纤增强注塑聚醚醚酮复合材料加工工艺与力学性能的研究

以含30％的长玻璃纤维增强聚醚醚酮为原材料,采用注塑成型的方法研究了聚醚醚酮复合材料的加工工艺参数包括冷却速率、成型压力、成型温度及模具温度与力学性能的关系,并对模具温度为180℃时PEEK复合材料的微观形貌进行分析,研究结果表明：采用中速冷却速率,成型压力为120MPa,成型温度为后段375℃、中段425℃、前段425℃,模具温度保持为180℃时,复合材料的抗拉强度达81MPa、剪切强度为62．7MPa,制品表面光滑,其综合力学性能最佳。     

碳纤维增强PEEK预浸带制备工艺探索研究

初步探索了熔融浸渍法制备碳纤维增强PEEK预浸带的制备工艺。通过热失重、流变性能、力学性能等试验，探索了不同工艺参数对碳纤维增强PEEK预浸带性能的影响，进而制定了制备碳纤维增强PEEK预浸带较优的工艺参数。     

Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity—Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO₂ supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8.     

Effects of FDM-3D printing parameters on mechanical properties and microstructure of CF/PEEK and GF/PEEK

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has unique advantages in the rapid prototyping of thermoplastics which have been developed in diverse fields. However, although great efforts have been made to optimize FDM process, the mechanical properties of printed parts are limited by the weak interlamination bonding as well as the poor performance of raw filaments used, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA). Adding fibers into thermoplastic matrix and preparing high-performance filaments have been indicated to enhance the properties of fabricated parts. Recently, heat-resistant polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and its fiber reinforced composites were proposed for FDM process due to overcoming the limitation of equipment and process. However, few researches have been reported on the effects of FDM-3D printing parameters on the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced PEEK composites. Therefore, 5wt% carbon fiber (CF) and glass fiber (GF) reinforced PEEK composite filaments were prepared respectively in this study. The effects of various printing parameters including nozzle temperature, platform temperature, printing speed and layer thickness on the mechanical properties (including tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength) were surveyed. To analyze the microstructure and failure reasons of printed CF/PEEK and GF/PEEK samples, the tensile fractured surfaces were investigated via scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

碳纤维增强PEEK薄壁结构件加工工艺研究

对PEEK/CA450材料特性、切削性能进行了分析,通过加工试验研究了该材料典型薄壁零件的工艺特点、切削参数及热处理过程,优选出最佳的工艺参数。试验结果表明:优化零件结构设计可以有效降低材料内应力和加工难度;采用PCD刀具及合适的切削参数可以保证该材料薄壁零件的加工质量;加工过程中的热处理有助于提高产品的成品率和尺寸精度。采用优化后的工艺方法,最终成功加工出符合设计性能要求的PEEK/CA450薄壁零件。     

短切玻璃纤维增强聚醚醚酮承力支架研制

为加工某航天器高性能承力支架零件,本文对不同玻璃纤维含量的短切玻璃纤维增强聚醚醚酮(SGF/PEEK)的力学性能进行了分析,利用Moldflow分析软件对承力支架注塑模具、注塑工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明,30wt%的SGF/PEEK作为承力支架材料时力学性能最优,模流分析有效预测注塑过程,改善主流道及二级流道尺寸可有效提升保压效果,保压压力和模具温度对承力支架翘曲变形的影响最为显著,得出一组优化的工艺参数,采用该参数成型的零件已成功应用于某航天器燃料贮箱中并通过了飞行考核。     

T700/PEEK热塑性自动铺放预浸纱制备质量控制及性能研究

为满足高性能热塑性复合材料自动铺丝（AFP）成型工艺的原材料需求,研究了粉末悬浮法浸渍制备T700/PEEK预浸纱关键工艺参数及预浸料性能,分析聚醚醚酮PEEK浸渍连续碳纤维过程中不同工艺参数（悬浊液浓度、超声功率、张力、牵引速率、浸渍温度、辊压温度及压辊间隙）对预浸纱质量的影响规律,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察T700/PEEK预浸纱内部孔隙率及界面结合状态,将粉末悬浮法制备的T700/PEEK预浸纱模压制备了热塑性复合材料单向层合板试样,并测试了其热塑性复合材料层间剪切强度和拉伸强度。研究结果表明：预浸纱含胶量与粉末悬浮液浓度变化线性正相关,且随超声功率的增大而升高;浸渍过程中伴随温度的升高以及牵引速率的减小,预浸纱宽度变小、孔隙率降低,随着张力的增大,预浸纱宽度增大、孔隙率降低;辊压成型过程中随着温度的提高以及压辊间隙的减小,预浸纱宽度增大、孔隙率降低。综合考虑各工艺参数的影响规律,获得优化的热塑性预浸纱制备工艺参数：浸渍温度为360~370℃,辊压温度为330℃,压辊间隙为0.1 mm,牵引速率为15~20 mm/s,张力为7 N。扫描电镜结果显示树脂与纤维界面结合紧密,复合材料的孔隙率可降低至1.8%,复合材料层间剪切强度为73.43 MPa,纵向拉伸强度达1.71 GPa。     

CF/PEEK复合材料超声辅助铣削力和表面质量研究

为改善碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料（CF/PEEK）在铣削加工时所产生的毛刺、分层以及表面凹坑等缺陷，采用超声辅助铣削的加工方式分别沿0°、45°、90°、135°四种纤维方向角对CF/PEEK进行实验，并与传统铣削进行对比研究。结果表明：超声辅助铣削与传统铣削相比，切削力更小且加工质量更优。沿90°纤维方向角对试件进行超声辅助铣削，切削力、表面粗糙度和毛刺高度降幅最显著，分别降低了16.79%、28.9%和71.9%。而且在相同的加工参数下，超声辅助铣削与传统铣削相比，能够有效地改善表面凹坑、分层等表面缺陷。