基于角运动入流模型的旋翼俯仰状态气动响应计算

利用旋翼弯曲涡管理论模型,并计人涡核修正影响,发展了一个计算角运动对旋翼人流影响的分析方法,并通过该方法计算的旋翼人流分布与实验结果的对比,验证方法的有效性,然后计算了直升机在悬停和前飞时俯仰率对旋翼入流的影响.针对机动飞行时的尾迹畸变效应,对Pitt-Peters动态人流模型进行了增广,并建立了动态的尾迹畸变模型以考虑机动飞行时的尾迹滞后效应,推导了旋翼有角运动时的桨叶挥舞运动方程,并给出了旋翼的平衡分析模型.结合增广的人流模型、尾迹畸变模型、桨叶挥舞运动模型和旋翼平衡分析模型,建立了一个旋翼有角运动时的动态气动响应分析方法,并应用该方法分析了模型旋翼在机动俯仰状态下的旋翼动态挥舞响应和气动力响应.     

一类新的速度入流条件在管道流模拟的应用

基于经典边界层理论,发展了一类简化的、按边界层厚度描述的速度入流边界条件。基于入流条件,对低速后向台阶流动和超声速压缩拐角流动进行了数值模拟。通过细致比较空间流场、边界层内速度型、表面摩擦阻力和压力分布等特性,对该类型边界条件进行了计算确认。结果表明,所发展的简化边界层厚度速度入流条件提法正确、合理,具有描述方法简单、鲁棒性好、适合工程计算的优点,可显著简化不同流速的管道流动的数值模拟。     

大机动飞行中孤立旋翼的非定常空气动力模型

为提高旋翼他轴响应的预测,气动模型应当计入机动旋翼的尾迹畸变效应,而准确表示尾迹弯曲参数Kn是关键。为表达机动导致的各种效应,增广Peters-He有限状态尾迹模型可以吸收随飞行状态变化的Kn值。根据烟流实验,该参数随旋翼前飞速度、拉力和机动角速率而变化。旋翼的空气动力实验表明,旋翼轴接受准阶跃输入后,同轴及他轴的空气动力响应有过冲,且俯仰速率愈大,过冲幅值愈大。理论和实验结果的对比显示,为了正确计算机动飞行中的旋翼气动力,特别是操纵的他轴响应,应在模型中采用随状态变化的尾迹弯曲参数Kn。此外,在当前模型基础上联合动态尾迹畸变模型,计算出的旋翼力和力矩更接近试验数据。     

Direction finding for two-dimensional incoherently distributed sources with Hadamard shift invariance in non-uniform orthogonal arrays

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for Two-Dimensional (2D) central Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation of incoherently distributed sources. In particular, an orthogonal array structure consisting of two Non-uniform Linear Arrays (NLAs) is considered. Based on first-order Taylor series approximation, the Generalized Array Manifold (GAM) model can first be established to separate the central DOAs from the original array manifold. Then, the Hadamard rotational invariance relationships inside the GAMs of two NLAs are identified. With the aid of such relationships, the central elevation and azimuth DOAs can be estimated through a search-free polynomial rooting method. Additionally, a simple parameter pairing of the estimated 2D angular parameters is also accomplished via the Hadamard rotational invariance relationship inside the GAM of the whole array. A secondary but important result is a derivation of closed-form expressions of the Cramer-Rao lower bound. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a remarkably higher precision at less complexity increment compared with the existing low-complexity methods, which benefits from the larger array aperture of the NLAs. Moreover, it requires no priori information about the angular distributed function.     

用于新型雷达/红外无源复合诱饵的等离子体参数选择

根据电磁波在分层介质中阻抗匹配原理,计算了非均匀非磁化等离子体平行与垂直极化波的功率反射系数。基于碱金属盐的高温电离特性,以功率反射系数为研究对象,对雷达无源诱饵用等离子体的厚度、温度和电子密度分布等参数选择进行了分析,并根据所选择的参数讨论了入射角对无源诱饵应用的影响。     

Antenna pattern control of planar arrays for long distance communications

As an alternative to standard antennas and due to the advent of low-cost digital processors and materials, adaptive antenna arrays are increasingly considered for applications in long distance communications. The pattern beam control potentialities provide the performance improvement of the communication systems. In this context, this work presents a technique that permits to synthesize the antenna pattern of a planar array. Considering that the relationship between the array factor and the array excitations for the far field region is a Fourier transform in the appropriate variables, the non-uniform sampling procedure is extended for planar arrays. These arrays permit a further control of the antenna pattern since two dimensions of space are used. The technique considers a number of array factor points equal to the array size, which is used to impose appropriated values in the antenna pattern. The produced array factor passes through those points with the desired values, which allows the synthesis of antenna patterns with appropriated characteristics. The theory is presented in order to develop the necessary direct expressions to calculate the array excitation. The array factor can be obtained using the inverse Fourier transform. As application examples, with this technique it is possible to define the level of each sidelobe of the antenna pattern, to control the main beam and to impose nulls in prescribed directions of the pattern.     

斜下降飞行状态的旋翼桨 涡干扰噪声高效计算方法及降噪

将旋翼涡系理论与旋翼噪声计算方法相结合,建立了一个新的适用于桨-涡干扰(Blade-vortex interaction,BVI)噪声简化计算的方法。一方面,为推导桨-涡干扰噪声的解析表达式并简化运算过程,气动计算采用了基于实验的Beddoes修正涡系模型,噪声计算则使用Farassat 1A声学公式的载荷噪声项,并通过紧致源假设,实现了旋翼BVI噪声的解析推导;另一方面,为了分析直升机飞行参数对旋翼桨-涡干扰噪声的影响,将旋翼的飞行姿态与直升机旋翼气动计算模型相结合,建立了受飞行参数影响的BVI噪声声压计算模型。然后,进行了相关的算例计算,并与可得到的实验数据进行了对比,验证了所建立方法的有效性。在此基础上,应用该方法研究了桨-涡干扰状态下飞行参数对桨盘入流、桨-涡垂直间距这两个重要参数的影响,着重计算分析了斜下降飞行时出现强BVI噪声辐射的飞行航迹角和前进比范围,得出了有意义的结论。     

用于可压缩壁面湍流LES及DNS入口边界条件的“回收-调节”方法综述

为了减小湍流流动问题的大涡模拟和直接数值模拟的入口湍流脉动边界条件对计算结果的影响,叙述了用于可压缩壁面湍流入口脉动生成的一种方法--\"回收-调节\"方法(recycling-rescaling method),叙述了这种方法的理论基础及简要推导过程,介绍了几种常用的\"回收-调节\"方法并指出了实现中的几个关键问题,分析了...     

计算风工程中几个关键影响因素的分析与建议

通过近几年进行建筑计算风工程的实践与体会,并参考国内外的一些文献,本文给出了合理选取建筑数值风洞大小、最好采用SST k-ω或BSL雷诺应力湍流物理模型及在建筑模型中的不同区域应按不同的网格尺度要求划分网格的建议;在CFX5软件平台中,对复杂的建筑体型,可选用非结构化网格和四面体单元,对流项的插值格式宜采用接近二阶的混合格式.还选取一立方体建筑模型,通过数值模拟、现场实测和风洞实验结果的比较对建议进行了验证.最后通过未受扰动数值风洞中入口边界条件的保持,给出了适用于我国建筑工程中A、B、C、D四类地面粗糙