用运载器评价发动机方案的方法

早期在对液体推进剂火箭发动机方案进行评价与选择时,仅以发动机本身的指标(如比冲、推重比等)作为方案比较的标准。这样没有考虑发动机子系统与运载器总系统的相互联系,得不到合理的评价结果。液体推进剂火箭发动机是航天运载器的一个子系统,采用运载器的性能指标评价发动机方案才能得到比较客观的结果。 本文推导了运载器的评价指标,给出了运载器的线性化质量方程,阐述了运载器设计参数的简化确定方法,由此提出了一个采用运载器评价发动机方案的方法。最后应用提出的方法对五个发动机方案进行了评价。     

高精度伺服系统基于Fuzzy决策的专家变模态控制

本文简要回顾了具有双积分模型的电流驱动直流机电伺服系统的传统设计方法，设计了基于Ｆｕｚｚｙ决策的专家变模态控制器。该控制器积累了伺服系统设计的一些经验，具有一定的“社会智能”，可以在系统运行的不同阶段自发地选用合适的控制律，组合简单的控制方法实现高品质控制。体现了将控制任务分解成子任务分阶段完成的思想。实例仿真及实验结果说明了该方法的有效性     

多级最优控制问题的提法与求解变分法的应用

本文讨论多级最优控制问题,给出该问题的数学提法以及变分法求解原理。特别,详细研究了级间分离时刻的连接条件。本文的工作为解决多级最优控制问题提供了途径。     

Simple method for performance evaluation of multistage rockets

Multistage rockets are commonly employed to place spacecraft and satellites in their operational orbits. Performance evaluation of multistage rockets is aimed at defining the maximum payload mass at orbit injection, for specified structural, propulsive, and aerodynamic data of the launch vehicle. This work proposes a simple method for a fast performance evaluation of multistage rockets. The technique at hand is based on three steps: (i) the flight-path angle at each stage separation is guessed, (ii) the spacecraft velocity is maximized at the first and second stage separation, and (iii) for the last stage the thrust direction is obtained through the particle swarm optimization technique, in conjunction with the use of the Euler–Lagrange equations and the Pontryagin minimum principle. The coast duration at the second stage separation is optimized as well. The method at hand is extremely simple and easy-to-implement, but nevertheless it proves to be capable of yielding near-optimal ascending trajectories for a multistage launch vehicle with realistic structural, propulsive, and aerodynamic characteristics. The solutions found with the technique under consideration can be employed either for a rapid evaluation of the multistage rocket performance or as guesses for more refined optimization algorithms.     

Physical model for acoustic resonance in annular cavity structure

A physical model for acoustic resonance in the annular cavity structure is developed to represent the typical characteristic when acoustic resonance occurs. Firstly, the measurement of sound pressure in the casing and rotor blades vibration is operated in a multistage high pressure compressor. The sharp peak frequency and discrete multi-tone occur in the frequency spectrum of sound pressure in the compressor, and the vibration of the first stage of rotor blades synchronously presents the high amplitude. The frequencies associated with rotor blades vibration can be calculated with rotating sound source theory. It is also confirmed that acoustic resonance occurs in the multistage compressor. With acoustic similarity principle, an annular cavity model is established to simulate the typical characteristics of acoustic resonance in the compressor based on Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Lighthill acoustic analogy. The coupling relationship between cavity acoustic mode and disc vibration mode shape is expounded when acoustic resonance occurs in the model. And acoustic resonance will be locked in the certain flow rate range. All these characteristics match well with those occur in the multistage high pressure compressor.     

多级嵌套维纳滤波自适应降维STAP抗干扰方法研究

在分析多级嵌套维纳滤波（MSNWF）给出的干扰子空间和噪声子空间信息的基础上,提出了多级嵌套维纳滤波自适应降维空时自适应处理（STAP）抗干扰算法。该方法分析了MSNWF前向迭代过程中相邻级期望信号的协方差随迭代次数变化关系,结合干扰子空间和噪声子空间信息自适应地确定迭代次数,在不增加额外计算量的条件下实现了降维维数的自适应选择。仿真结果分析表明,该方法在保证抗干扰性能不受影响的前提下,进一步减小了STAP算法的计算量,提高了算法的实时性。
     

最小喉道面积比对多级轴流压气机性能影响

为了研究最小喉道面积比对多级轴流压气机性能的影响,开发了一套基元叶栅最小喉道面积比的计算程序。通过对基元叶栅进行最小喉道面积比计算,得到压气机叶片沿展向的最小喉道面积比分布,同时分析了转子和静子的最小喉道面积比分布规律。最后采用修改基元叶型的前段弯度比与最大厚度来改变基元叶栅的最小喉道面积比分布,分析了不同最小喉道面积比分布对多级轴流压气机性能的影响。结果表明,压气机的阻塞流量与最小喉道面积比成正相关,并且存在最佳前段弯度比使压气机设计点效率与压比达到最大,最大厚度变小能改善压气机整体性能。     

前缘半径对两个尺度三级压缩楔流场结构影响研究

为研究前缘钝度及模型尺度对流场结构的影响,采用了长度为0.3 m和0.6 m的三级压缩楔模型,前缘半径分别为0,0.5,1,1.5,3 mm,在0.6 m激波风洞中利用高速阴影摄像获得了系列流场结构照片,清晰地显示了激波结构。试验条件为马赫数5.98,总温670 K,总压6.56MPa。数据结果表明,随着前缘半径的增加,第一道激波角增大,第二和第三道激波角减小;存在明显的模型尺度影响,在同等钝度条件下(尖前缘除外),两个尺度模型的第一道激波角相差迭0.4°,第二道和第三道激波角最大可相差0.5°。流场照片显示,在拐角处存在激波边界层干扰,造成第二、三道激波根部弯曲,随前缘半径增加,弯曲程度和影响区域增大。     

A plastic strain energy method exploration between machined surface integrity evolution and torsion fatigue behaviour of low alloy steel

To explore the evolution mechanism of multistage machining processes and torsional fatigue behaviour based on strain energy for the first time and provide process optimization of axis parts of low alloy steel for service performance, four multistage machining processes were applied to the 45Cr Ni Mo VA steel, including the Rough Turning process(RT), RT+ the Finish Turning process(FRT), FRT+ the Grinding process(GFRT) and RT+ the Finish Turning process on dry cutting condition(FRT0). The result s...     

级间引气对多级轴流压气机性能和流场影响的低速实验研究

基于北航四级低速大尺寸压气机试验台,在二级静子出口进行周向槽引气,采用分别保持引气位置上游流量不变和引气位置下游流量不变两种比较方式,针对不同引气流量大小对压气机性能和内部流场的影响进行了实验研究。结果表明,级间引气会影响压气机压升特性和失速裕度,影响程度与引气量大小有关。级间引气对引气位置上游转子流场的影响表现在上游压气机工况的变化上,上游转子流场的展向分配并不受到引气的影响。引气位置下游受到引气和上游压气机工况变化的共同影响,且引气量越大,影响程度越大。此外,级间引气可以改善下游叶片叶尖区域的流动环境,增强叶尖处流通能力,提高下游压气机失速裕度。