GNSS多径抑制基带处理算法综述

随着全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)信号体制的不断更新,接收机应用环境越来越复杂,多径误差抑制技术也在不断发展进步。其中,基于改进基带的多径抑制算法由于成本和效果综合较优,受到了国内外研究人员的重视。论文首先阐述了GNSS多径抑制的基本原理,综述了传统的GNSS参量式和非参量式多径抑制算法的研究现状和实现方式,然后探讨分析了新体制信号中提高抗多径性能的方法,总结了当前GNSS多径抑制基带处理研究中的主要问题,最后展望了其未来的发展趋势。     

QStrobe:一种高阶BOC卫星导航信号的无模糊多径抑制算法

二进制偏移子载波(BOC)技术是为解决有限导航频谱资源复用提出的调制技术,BOC信号相关峰的旁瓣导致传统超前减滞后延迟锁定环(DLL)出现跟踪模糊且不利于多径抑制。提出了一种将QBOC旁瓣消除技术与BPSK信号的Strobe抗多径技术相结合的QStrobe算法解决高子载波调制阶数的BOC信号无模糊抗多径问题。利用本地构造的QBOC信号去除相关峰旁瓣,再利用两组不同间隔超前/滞后码的线性组合构造仅有唯一稳定点,且控制延迟误差响应幅度的码跟踪鉴别曲线,实现无模糊的多径抑制。BOC(15, 2.5)与BOC(14, 2)信号的仿真试验结果表明,QStrobe算法消除了传统超前/滞后DLL的跟踪模糊,比QBOC超前/滞后DLL的6dB衰减多径误差包络面积分别改善51%和70%。     

GNSS/SINS组合导航中多路径效应的识别与抑制算法

针对GNSS/SINS组合导航系统中,GNSS定位易受多路径效应影响的问题,提出了一种多路径效应识别与抑制算法。通过设计姿态检测与χ^(2)检验相结合的两层多路径效应识别方法,实时检测GNSS输出结果的可靠性和GNSS/SINS二者定位的一致性。将提出的抗野值自适应滤波算法用于对多路径误差的抑制,当检测到GNSS受多路径效应影响时,通过残差加权减小异常量测量在量测更新中的比重;当GNSS定位正常时,通过限定记忆指数加权的方式计算残差协方差的极大似然最优估计,并采用渐消滤波提高滤波器的调节能力。通过实际跑车试验验证了该算法能够有效抑制GNSS多路径误差,具有较高的导航精度与自适应能力。     

基于MARS的多径干扰抑制方法与实验研究

多径干扰是天线测量中普遍存在的环境干扰,它通常是由待测天线附近的设备对测试信号的反射所引起。针对天线定标中的多径干扰问题,提出采用数字吸波体反射抑制(MARS)技术对天线接收信号进行模式滤波,将信号中的多径干扰分量进行分离并滤除,进而降低测量环境中的多径效应。推导了相关公式,在天线平面近场测量系统中对该技术的效果进行了验证,实验中采用分布于待测天线附近的多个角反射器模拟环境中的反射源。结果表明该方法可以有效降低测量环境中多径效应对测量结果的影响,在待测天线最大辐射方向上的平均增益误差小于0.1dB,提高了天线测量精度。     

Enhanced multipath mitigation method based on multi-resolution CNR model and adaptive statistical test strategy for real-time kinematic PPP

This study proposes an enhanced multipath mitigation method based on multi-resolution carrier-to-noise-ratio (CNR) model and adaptive statistical test strategy for real-time kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) applications. The multi-resolution CNR model is established with GPS observation data collected from DOY 152 to 181 of 2019 by 230 globally distributed IGS stations, which used to analyze the relevant factors affecting CNR. Statistical results indicate that the CNR is not only related to the satellite elevation, but also closely related to the receiver types and specific satellite. The maximum difference between different receivers can reach 20 dB for the same satellite at the same elevation. In addition, the performance of the CNR is also obviously different between each satellite, and the maximum difference between different satellites is about 10 dB for the same receiver at the same elevation. Hence, in terms of the method which is based on CNR information for multipath detection and mitigation, the independence of receiver types, satellite and frequency must be considered. With the above analysis, this study developed a multi-resolution CNR model based on different receiver types, different satellites and different elevation firstly. Then, combined with the adaptive statistical test strategy which is based on the difference of CNR between inter-frequency and the difference of CNR between adjacent epochs, the multipath can be detected effectively. For the epoch which affected by multipath, the down-weighted strategy based on CNR is adopted to mitigate the influence of multipath on positioning. Real-time kinematic PPP data are collected to assess the proposed method, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method can detect the multipath effectively, and the detection rate can reach 90.28%. Moreover, after adopting the mitigation strategy, the RMS bias of the east, north and up components are improved about 19.95%, 17.89% and 23.07% compared to the original results, respectively. It is worth noting that this proposed method is also suitable for other GNSS, such as GLONASS and BDS, but the corresponding CNR model must be established simultaneously.     

A real-time combined quality control method for GNSS precise positioning in harsh environments

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) precise positioning can be significantly affected by severe multipath effects and outliers in harsh environments, and highly relies on quality control strategies. Previous studies mainly focus on the posterior residuals to check and exclude the outliers in GNSS observations, limited work emphasizes the combined quality control method considering both the prior and posterior knowledge simultaneously. This paper proposed a real-time combined quality control method to process the multipath effects and outliers in harsh environments simultaneously. Specifically, in the prior stage, a modified multipath processing strategy is proposed for both phase and code observations, then a modified detection, identification, and adaptation (DIA) method considering the maximum times of data snooping is studied in the posterior stage. Two dedicated experiments in real harsh environments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed combined quality control method. For the static experiment, the proposed method exhibits smaller positioning errors, the best positioning accuracy, and the highest availability in this study. Specifically, the proposed method exhibits an improved percentage of 55.4 %, 56.3 %, and 59.7 % for positioning accuracy compared to those without the quality control method in the E, N, and U directions, respectively. Besides, the proposed method can further improve the performance of ambiguity resolution with an improved percentage of 32.2 %. For the kinematic experiment, the three-dimensional positioning accuracy of the proposed method is 0.577 m, which exhibits a 40.0 % improvement compared to those without the quality control method. Also, the proposed method exhibits better performance under relatively strong multipath effects. In this sense, the proposed real-time combined quality control method is highly appreciated in terms of positioning availability, accuracy, and ambiguity resolution for GNSS precise positioning, especially in harsh environments.     

BOC信号解模糊边峰消除法通用模型的构建

针对现有边峰消除方法缺乏理论分析模型的问题,提出了一种新的边峰消除法理论分析通用模型。该模型通过建立泛化的扩频符号波形,构建接收二进制偏移载波（BOC）信号与本地辅助信号的互相关函数。基于现有方法对该模型进行了数学证明。理论分析与仿真结果表明,新的边峰消除法理论分析通用模型能将现有的各种基于相关函数组合的BOC信号无模糊处理方法统一起来,使BOC信号无模糊捕获跟踪算法的设计可以在该模型所提供的框架内利用解析方法完成,为算法的设计提供了有力的数学工具。
     

一种基于小波变换的伪码跟踪环路多径抑制方法

多径效应是GPS等卫星导航系统的重要误差源之一,严重影响导航系统的性能。针对多径效应,在分析了多径信号模型和伪码自相关函数特征的基础上,提出了一种基于小波变换的多径抑制方法。该方法利用自相关函数曲线斜率突变点位置不受多径信号影响的特性,通过小波变换检测其斜率突变点位置,进而利用得到的鉴相误差调整码相位,达到多径抑制的目的。仿真结果表明,该方法不受多径条数的影响,鉴相结果更准确,多径抑制能力得到显著提高。
     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的GPS多径抑制技术

本文研究GPS系统中多径误差抑制技术。利用小范围多天线系统中多径对各天线之间伪距测量值影响的相关性,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波技术得到多径信号各参数,从接收信号中消去多径信号,以抑制多径信号影响。文章推导了多径信号对码环误差影响的闭合表达式,建立了采用当前统计模型的状态方程和观测方程。仿真表明该方法具备良好的抑制效果。     

新一代北斗试验卫星伪距质量初步评估

为验证北斗全球系统卫星新型导航信号体制、星间链路和高精度原子钟等关键技术,中国于2015年3月30日至2016年2月1日间发射了5颗新一代北斗试验卫星。试验卫星除了播发新的民用信号B1C和B2外,同时还播发B1I和B3I平稳过渡信号。试验卫星导航信号的伪距质量以及北斗现有工作卫星存在的与高度角相关伪距误差问题在新一代北斗卫星上是否得到解决是大家普遍关注的问题,将基于北斗试验卫星实测数据对此进行初步评估与验证。