伪码调相与PAM复合测距系统研究

介绍了PAM伪随机码的构成原理,推导了PAM伪随机码的自相关函数和功率谱密度。结合图形分析了它们的性质特点。设计了伪码调相与PAM复合测距系统,并分析了在加性高斯白噪声信道中的各个阶段的信号形式。研究了复合测距系统的性能,详细推导了复合测距系统的信噪比增益。结果表明,与单纯的伪码测距系统相比,复合测距系统有更强的抗干扰性能和测距能力。     

深空网伪码测距技术研究

介绍了NASA深空网所采用的伪码测距的基本原理,讨论了深空航天器应答机相干转发或再生所采用伪码序列的两种形式,对再生测距系统中的具体序列产生和相关、以及用中国剩余定理解算距离的实现方法和技术途径进行了分析,并计算分析了测距精度、捕获时间等系统关键指标,以对我国深空网的建设提供技术理论参考.     

相对差分单向测距（△DOR）技术在探月工程中的应用研究

相对差分单向测距（△DOR）是一种高精度测角技术,在深空探测任务的高精度测定轨方案中得到广泛应用．介绍了△DOR测量的基本原理及CCSDS（国际空间数据系统委员会）关于△测量的相关标准．针对中国探月工程月面软着陆任务提出的高精度测定轨要求,分析了△DOR测量的信号形式、工作模式以及测量精度,推导了解模糊过程．研究表明,△DOR测角精度达到25nrad,对应到月球上的距离约为10m．     

DDLL中存在的包络现象及其解决方法

数字延迟锁定环路 (DDLL)中存在的包络现象是导致低动态环境下 GPS伪距测量精度难以提高的重要原因。文中从实验中发现这种现象 ,通过大量仿真复现了这一现象并找到产生这一现象的原因 ,最后从理论上进行分析并给出解决问题的方法。     

CCSDS建议的再生伪码测距性能分析

CCSDS(国际空间数据系统咨询委员会)于2009年3月发布了伪码测距的蓝皮书,规定了再生伪码测距的技术要求。我国正在研制的深空应答机和深空站测控设备要求具备再生伪码测距功能,同时为了实现国际联网,伪码测距系统需满足CCSDS建议的要求。为给我国深空测控设备伪码测距系统的研制提供设计依据,通过分析伪码特性和伪码捕获跟踪方法,推导得到伪码测距的捕获性能和跟踪性能。分析得到的性能与CCSDS建议书一致,可作为我国深空应答机和深空站测控设备伪码测距系统设计的参考。     

In-orbit assessment of laser retro-reflector efficiency onboard high orbiting satellites

The navigation and geodetic satellites that orbit the Earth at altitudes of approximately 20,000 km are tracked routinely by many of the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS). In order to meet increasing demands on SLR stations for daytime and nighttime observations, any new mission needs to ensure a strong return signal so that the target is easily acquirable. The ILRS has therefore set a minimum effective cross-section of 100 million square metres for the on-board laser retro-reflector arrays (LRAs) and further recommends the use of ‘uncoated’ cubes in the arrays. Given the large number of GNSS satellites that are currently supported by SLR, it is informative to make an assessment of the relative efficiencies of the various LRAs employed. This paper uses the laser ranging observations themselves to deduce and then compare the efficiencies of the LRAs on the COMPASS-M1 navigation satellite, two satellites from the GPS and three from the GLONASS constellations, the two GIOVE test satellites from the upcoming Galileo constellation, the two Etalon geodetic spheres and the geosynchronous communications test satellite, ETS-8. All the LRAs on this set of satellites employ back-coated retro-reflector cubes, except those on the COMPASS-M1 and ETS-8 vehicles which are uncoated. A measure of return signal strength, and thus of LRA-efficiency, is calculated using the laser-range full-rate data archive from 2007 to 2010, scaled to remove the effects of variations in satellite range, atmospheric attenuation and retro-reflector target total surface area. Observations from five SLR stations are used in this study; they are Herstmonceux (UK), Yarragadee (Australia), Monument Peak and McDonald (USA) and Wettzell (Germany). Careful consideration is given to the treatment of the observations from each station in order to take account of local working practices and system upgrades. The results show that the uncoated retro-reflector cubes offer significant improvements in efficiency.     

Determination of station positions and velocities from laser ranging observations to Ajisai,Starlette and Stella satellites

The positions and velocities of the four Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations: Yarragadee (7090), Greenbelt (7105), Graz (7839) and Herstmonceux (7840) from 5-year (2001–2005) SLR data of low orbiting satellites (LEO): Ajisai, Starlette and Stella were determined. The orbits of these satellites were computed from the data provided by 20 SLR stations. All orbital computations were performed by means of NASA Goddard’s GEODYN-II program. The geocentric coordinates were transformed to the topocentric North–South, East–West and Vertical components in reference to ITRF2005. The influence of the number of normal points per orbital arc and the empirical acceleration coefficients on the quality of station coordinates was studied. To get standard deviation of the coordinates determination lower than 1 cm, the number of the normal points per site had to be greater than 50. The computed positions and velocities were compared to those derived from LAGEOS-1/LAGEOS-2 data. Three parameters were used for this comparison: station coordinates stability, differences from ITRF2005 positions and velocities. The stability of coordinates of LEO satellites is significantly worse (17.8 mm) than those of LAGEOS (7.6 mm), the better results are for Ajisai (15.4 mm) than for Starlette/Stella (20.4 mm). The difference in positions between the computed values and ITRF2005 were little bit worse for Starlette/Stella (6.6 mm) than for LAGEOS (4.6 mm), the results for Ajisai were five times worse (29.7 mm) probably due to center of mass correction of this satellite. The station velocities with some exceptions were on the same level (≈1 mm/year) for all satellites. The results presented in this work show that results from Starlette/Stella are better than those from Ajisai for station coordinates determination. We can applied the data from LEO satellites, especially Starlette and Stella for determination of the SLR station coordinates but with two times lower accuracy than when using LAGEOS data.     

脉冲激光测距误差标定及不确定度分析CSCD

以脉冲激光测距机的测距误差标定为背景,通过对测距误差解析表达式的推导,给出了系统各不确定度分量对测距误差的影响,计算了信号延迟时间、探测器和激光二极管响应时间、晶振频率、大气折射率等不确定度分量。通过对某已标定激光测距机实验验证表明:该装置在500m^20 000m测距范围内,测量重复性引入的相对标准不确定度最大值为0.67m,满足该类激光测距机测量不确定度5m(k=2)的校准测试需求。因此,利用该解析表达式可以实现对脉冲激光测距误差的有效评估,这对于脉冲激光测距测试系统、脉冲激光测距机的设计具有重要的指导意义。     

星间链路在空间态势感知中的应用研究

通过对星间链路和空间态势感知系统国内外发展现状的分析,指出星间链路在空间信息有效获取、安全传输和实时应用以及保障空间态势感知系统战场生存能力等方面起着重要的作用.针对星间链路在未来空间态势感知系统中的应用需求,提出包含空间通信模型和空间导航模型在内的空间感知体系基本架构,并对该架构下星间链路的设计要求或者特点进行分析,指出星间链路应该具有灵活可变的星间路由策略和联网结构,并能够支持高速可变和安全可靠的星间数据传输.分别从空间网络和卫星节点2个层面提出了系统实现的关键技术,并给出部分关键技术的研究重点和研究方法.上述研究结果可以为星间链路及相关领域的研究工作提供一定的借鉴和帮助.     

中国深空网首次△DOR联合测轨试验分析

通过分析中国深空网首次△DOR（Delta Differential One way Ranging,双差分单向测距）联合测轨试验的干涉测量事后数据,重点从观测量随机精度、闭合时延等方面讨论了国内深空网与国内VLBI（Very Long Baseline Interferometry,甚长基线干涉测量）观测网、国内深空网与国际深空网的联合干涉处理情况,并与ESOC（European Space Operation Center,欧洲空间操作中心）数据处理结果进行了比对.试验结果表明：我国深空网已具备独立或联合开展深空探测器导航测轨的系统支持能力;深空站系统具备高速率数据接收、采集、记录、传输能力,采集数据处理精度优于1 ns;深空网干涉测量信号处理中心具备多体制信号的干涉处理分析能力,其分析精度与ESOC处理精度差异在0.1 ns量级.