旋转涡轮盘腔中等转速下内部流场分布实验

1引言航空发动机性能的不断提高使得涡轮前温度也越来越高,这就给涡轮的冷却技术提出了更高的要求。在现代航空发动机中,从压气机引出的压缩空气一部分用来冷却涡轮叶片和涡轮导向叶片,另外一部分用来冷却和密封涡轮盘,掌握涡轮盘腔冷却系统内气流的运动规律是对航空发动机高温     

不同来流条件下旋转对气膜冷却的影响

大涡模拟考察了旋转状态来流条件对单孔平板气膜冷却的影响,气膜孔沿流向倾斜30°,气膜出流的雷诺数为2 600,吹风比为0.5,计算了静止和旋转数为0.02时气膜冷却的流动和换热,对比两种主流进口条件下旋转对气膜冷却的影响。计算结果表明：（1）均匀来流条件下,旋转主要使发夹涡结构产生非对称分布,裹挟气膜向高半径方向偏转;（2）充分发展的来流条件下,旋转使来流边界层内产生湍流结构,淹没了射流进入主流时产生的发夹涡,引起更强烈的射流扩散,增大了气膜覆盖范围,降低了气膜冷却效率的峰值;（3）旋转通过改变来流边界层内的湍流结构对气膜冷却的影响更显著。     

称重法低温介质流量校验系统方案研究

液体火箭发动机试验中，流量测量的准确度至关重要。不同于常温流量测量，低温推进剂的流量测量有其特殊性。介绍了称重法低温介质流量校验原理、方法及方案，对流入法排出气体及流出法增压气体流量简略计算公式进行了推导；针对低温容器气枕换热传质特点，对气枕平均温度的一致性进行了讨论。得出了流入法排出气体流量一致性较好、采用流入法可以使低温流量计检定准确度更高的结论。     

Large-eddy simulation:Past,present and the future

Large-eddy simulation(LES) was originally proposed for simulating atmospheric flows in the 1960 s and has become one of the most promising and successful methodology for simulating turbulent flows with the improvement of computing power. It is now feasible to simulate complex engineering flows using LES. However, apart from the computing power, significant challenges still remain for LES to reach a level of maturity that brings this approach to the mainstream of engineering and industrial computations. This paper will describe briefly LES formalism first, present a quick glance at its history, review its current state focusing mainly on its applications in transitional flows and gas turbine combustor flows, discuss some major modelling and numerical challenges/issues that we are facing now and in the near future, and finish with the concluding remarks.     

鼓包诱导斜爆震波的数值研究

为实现低马赫数条件下斜爆震波的快速起爆,以及提高斜爆震波对来流扰动的抗干扰能力,提出了通过在诱导区内设置一个小鼓包来控制斜爆震波起爆的方案,并通过数值求解二维多组分欧拉方程研究了楔面和鼓包诱导的斜爆震波。结果表明：通过在诱导区内设置鼓包可实现斜爆震波的提前起爆;且在较宽马赫数范围内,其起爆位置相对固定。鼓包诱导的斜爆震波主要有强耦合和弱耦合两种起爆形式,起爆形式与鼓包和斜激波的相对位置有关。此外,来流扰动会使楔面诱导的斜爆震波剧烈振荡,不利于斜爆震发动机的稳定工作;鼓包的存在对来流扰动所引发的斜爆震波振荡具有一定的抑制作用。     

称重法低温介质流量校验系统方案研究

液体火箭发动机试验中,流量测量的准确度至关重要。不同于常温流量测量,低温推进剂的流量测量有其特殊性。介绍了称重法低温介质流量校验原理、方法及方案,对流入法排出气体及流出法增压气体流量简略计算公式进行了推导;针对低温容器气枕换热传质特点,对气枕平均温度的一致性进行了讨论。得出了流入法排出气体流量一致性较好、采用流入法可以使低温流量计检定准确度更高的结论。     

Optimum blade loading for a powered rotor in descent

The optimum loading for rotors has previously been found for hover, climb and wind turbine conditions;but, up to now, no one has determined the optimum rotor loading in descent. This could be an important design consideration for rotary-wing parachutes and low-speed des-cents. In this paper, the optimal loading for a powered rotor in descent is found from momentum theory based on a variational principle. This loading is compared with the optimal loading for a rotor in hover or climb and with the Betz rotor loading (which is optimum for a lightly-loaded rotor). Wake contraction for each of the various loadings is also presented.     

入流特性对直升机飞行数值仿真的影响

针对常规单旋翼带尾桨直升机,讨论不同特性的入流模型在直升机数值仿真中的作用。以Ｐｉｔｔ／Ｐｅｔｅｒｓ的动力入流模型为基础,重点分析均匀与非均匀静态入流和动力入流模型对直升机配平以及驾驶员操纵输入动态响应数值精度的影响程度,可为不同目的飞行数值仿真中入流模型的选取提供参考。