Conditional sea surface statistics and their impact on geophysical sea surface parameters retrieved from SAR altimetry signals

In this study we present an analytical formulation of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) altimetry signals including narrow banded nonlinear wave fields and conditional statistics between wave elevation displacements, horizontal wave slopes and vertical wave particle velocities. Considering the wave elevation displacements coskewness with respect to horizontal slopes leads to an analytical formulation of the electromagnetic bias within a SAR-mode altimeter stack. This formulation can be either parametrized by the significant wave height (SWH) and mean wave steepness, or in terms of the variance of vertical wave velocities. The effect of conditional vertical wave particle velocity variances with respect to the observed horizontal wave slopes close to nadir incidence angles leads to an effective reduction of the azimuth blurring of SAR-mode stacks. We present here a formulation of this effect by examining JONSWAP ocean wave spectra. In most cases this effect reduces the azimuth blurring by 10% to 30%. Additionally we investigate the effect of a nonlinear wave elevation displacement probability density function (PDF) on estimated geophysical parameters. We were able to show that including an elevation displacement skewness of 0.13 improves significantly the SWH consistency between altimetry and ECMWF Reanalysis v5 ERA5 results.All of these effects are validated with respect to ERA5 model data in the North East Atlantic region and in situ data located in the German Bight and Baltic Sea.The developed model can be used in both SAR and conventional altimetry retrackers.     

Impact of rain on wave retrieval from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images in tropical cyclones

The main objective of our work was to investigate the impact of rain on wave observations from C-band (~5.3 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in tropical cyclones. In this study, 10 Sentinel-1 SAR images were available from the Satellite Hurricane Observation Campaign, which were taken under cyclonic conditions during the 2016 hurricane season. The third-generation wave model, known as Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) (version 41.31), was used to simulate the wave fields corresponding to these Sentinel-1 SAR images. In addition, rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite passing over the spatial coverage of the Sentinel-1 SAR images were collected. The simulated results were validated against significant wave heights (SWHs) from the Jason-2 altimeter and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data, revealing a root mean square error (RMSE) of ~0.5 m with a 0.25 scatter index. Winds retrieved from the VH-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR images using the Sentinel-1 Extra Wide-swath Mode Wind Speed Retrieval Model after Noise Removal were taken as prior information for wave retrieval. It was discovered that rain did indeed affect the SAR wave retrieval, as evidenced by the 3.21-m RMSE of SWHs between the SAR images and the SWAN model, which was obtained for the ~1000 match-ups with raindrops. The raindrops dampened the wave retrieval when the rain rate was < ~5 mm/hr; however, they enhanced wave retrieval for higher rain rates. It was also found that the portion of the rain-induced ring wave with a wave number > 0.05 rad/m (~125 m wavelength) was clearly observed in the SAR-derived wave spectra.     

伴飞卫星自主相对导航衰减记忆滤波算法

为实现伴飞卫星的自主相对导航,基于C-W方程提出了一种在伴飞卫星轨道系中建立简化的相对运动方程构成星上轨道递推、根据导航敏感器输出进行量测更新的导航滤波器,并利用衰减记忆滤波算法抑制系统模型误差对相对导航结果的影响。仿真结果表明,该滤波算法可实现伴飞星的自主相对导航。它不仅较C-W方程更简单,而且适于模型不准确时的相对导航,工程实现易。     

基于FPGA高效实现FIR滤波器的研究

文章对FPGA中FIR滤波器的高效实现进行了研究。介绍了流水线技术的原理和应用,比较了整数的CSD表示和根据FPGA结构加以改进的最优表示,提出了FIR滤波器高效实现的措施。最后以具体实例说明了这些措施的可行性和有效性。     

凝聚式过滤器的开发与设计

着重介绍了凝聚式过滤器的开发、设计及与空气压缩机厂原有产品在性能上是有区别的。新的凝聚式过滤器实现了对压缩空气进行切向进气，用丝网除沫器和精滤芯等代替原有的陶瓷管堆积过滤和毛毡缠绕过滤法。在过滤精度，气流均匀性阻力特性等性能上有一定优势，且成本低、数命长，经济实用。     

一种用于解决粒子滤波粒子退化现象的重要性重采样算法的研究

粒子滤波通过蒙特卡罗模拟来实现递推贝叶斯估计,在非线性非高斯系统中体现出良好的特性;但粒子滤波存在粒子退化现象的缺陷,针对这一问题,提出一种新的重采样算法,即分区重采样算法,其主要思想是根据多项式重采样与分层重采样算法的特点,把随机数区间划分成若干个区,每个区内的随机数任意排列,而区与区之间按升序排列。与目前常用的其他重采样算法相比,该方法提高了粒子滤波的平均性能,仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性和实用性。     

地基深空网发射机现状及未来发展

我国未来深空探测工程的发展对地基深空站发射机提出了更高的要求,不仅仅需要具有更高的输出功率,同时需要解决发射机高频谱纯度、高效率以及上行功率合成等。针对这些要求,对国内外地基深空网的组成和深空站高功率发射机现状以及未来发展趋势进行了研究,分析了速调管发射机与固态发射机在高功率输出条件下的优势,在此基础上,提出了我国深空站速调管发射机需要开展高功率连续波速调管、高功率低损耗滤波器、低纹波高功率开关电源、上行功率合成等关键技术,并为相应关键技术提供了理论建议及相应的解决方法,这可以为我国未来深空探测工程高功率发射机研制提供技术支撑,为后续地基深空网建设和发展提供参考。     

基于光外差法的宽带示波器滤波器频响测试技术研究CSCD

分析了光外差测试频响的原理,提出了采用光外差法测试宽带示波器滤波器频响的方案,分析了偏振态和波长稳定性对于测试结果的影响。实验结果表明,光外差法测试宽带示波器光电模块频响方案可行,9.953Gbps滤波器下测试,3d B带宽频率处频响重复性小于0.1d B。     

基于激光反射层析法的换能器声场测量技术及仿真研究

换能器的辐射声场分布能够直接反映出换能器声学性能的好坏,若不能精确测量出换能器的辐射声场,则会对换能器的诊断和评估造成严重影响。从理论仿真的角度出发,推导了运用激光反射层析法重建换能器辐射声场的理论公式,着重利用推导出的理论公式对激光反射层析法进行了仿真计算。结果表明激光反射层析法能够精确地重建出换能器的辐射声场分布及声场中的声压量值,这为换能器的声场重建及声压测量提供了一种可行的方法。     

惰性块式平面波发生器形成平面波的数值模拟分析

探讨了惰性块式平面波发生器的相关原理,在费马原理的基础上设计了平面波发生器的物理模型,用非线性有限元方法对平面波形成过程进行了数值模拟,得到了不同时刻的波形图像,数值模拟结果与实际过程在物理宏观特征上基本一致。