轴对称湍流射流的相似解

本文在相似性条件下,得到了用k-ε模式的轴对称湍流射流的相似方程。利用动量相似方程的近似求解结果作为初值,同时引入变量变换,进行迭代求解。本文的方法收敛速度快,计算简便。     

A survey of radio jets with Chandra and HST

Relativistic jets are a common property of radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Understanding jet physical properties is an essential precursor to understanding the mechanisms of energy transport, and ultimately, how energy is extracted from the central black hole. In this paper, I highlight recent developments from Chandra and HST observations of kpc-scale jets in AGN, with particular emphasis on our survey of 17 radio jets in a sample of FRII radio galaxies. These observations show that (1) X-ray and optical emission is common from kpc-scale jets, (2) a large fraction of the bolometric luminosity is emitted at X-rays, and (3) in most sources, a candidate emission process for the X-rays is inverse Compton scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background off the relativistic electrons in the jet. If the latter scenario holds, the implication is that jets are still relativistic on kpc scales.     

Study of the variability of blazars gamma-ray emission

The γ-ray emission of blazar jets shows a pronounced variability and this feature provides limits to the size and to the speed of the emitting region. We study the γ-ray variability of bright blazars using data from the first 18 months of activity of the Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. From the daily light-curves of the blazars characterized by a remarkable activity, we firstly determine the minimum variability time-scale, giving an upper limit for the size of the emitting region of the sources, assumed to be spheroidal blobs in relativistic motion. These regions must be smaller than ∼10⁻³ parsec. Another interesting time-scale is the duration of the outbursts. We conclude that they cannot correspond to radiation produced by a single blob moving relativistically along the jet, but they are either the signature of emission from a standing shock extracting energy from a modulated jet, or the superposition of a number of flares occurring on a shorter time-scale. We also derive lower limits on the bulk Lorentz factor needed to make the emitting region transparent for gamma-rays interacting through photon–photon collisions.     

直接侧向力/气动力复合控制影响因素研究

为分析直接侧向力/气动力复合控制中的影响因素对控制效果的影响,给出了复合控制拦截器的典型布局,建立了直接侧向力/气动力复合控制分配模型;采用自适应动态逆方法形成虚拟控制律实现拦截器姿态控制,并进行了仿真验证与分析。仿真结果表明,不同发动机总数、发动机开关机周期和推力大小等因素对最终控制效果有直接的影响,且发动机开关机周期与推力的共同作用对控制效果影响明显。     

火箭垂直回收中发动机布局与喷流壁面效应影响研究

针对重复使用火箭垂直着陆过程的喷流流场问题开展研究,利用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)方法研究了壁面效应和发动机布局对超声速喷流的影响。研究表明,着陆距离(L)在2.24D～11.2D(D为喷管出口的直径)的范围内,地面效应对喷管出口中心处的温度分布影响较小;在当前计算条件下,当L<2.24D时,超声速喷流撞击地面会形成强烈的激波,随着离地高度的降低,该激波位置往喉部方向移动,由于壁面效应,喷管内部形成斜激波,导致中心喷管壁面处的温度升高;中心喷管相对外侧喷管往外突出增大了壁面流动速度,导致外侧喷管出口的温度降低;研究还表明子级火箭底部端面的喷管数量增加后,会导致喷管的温度升高。研究结果将为火箭发射及回收方案选取提供参考。     

Study on the breakup lengths of free round liquid jets

IntroductionBreakup and atomization of roundliquidjetshad been widely used in internal combustion en-gines,gas turbines,and liquid rocket engines.Recently,with the development of scramjet en-gines and the deepening of fuel atomization re-search,it attract…     

横向互击型层板喷注器的喷雾特性

利用激光粒子动态分析仪 (PDA)对 180°互击型层板式喷注器的喷雾特性进行了试验研究 ,测量了喷雾典型区域的液滴速度、直径、体积通量密度等参数。分析了喷注器的雾化过程和喷雾特点 ,同时重点研究了喷口槽宽、推进剂流道面积比以及推进剂喷注速度比等参数对喷雾特性的影响。试验结果表明 :喷雾沿喷口展向可分为三个明显区域 ,中间区域流量较小但雾化较细 ,从槽两端喷出的液雾流量较大但液滴尺寸较大。对于一定的流道截面比γd 和喷注速度比γv,存在一个最佳的喷嘴槽宽w使雾化质量最优。同时 ,在喷嘴槽宽合适时 ,流道截面比γd 和喷注速度比γv 的适当增大有利于改善雾化     

背压对撞击式喷嘴雾化特性影响研究

为研究背压对撞击式喷嘴雾化特性的影响,将压力的变化等效为气体密度的变化,基于一种树形自适应加密算法,通过直接数值求解不可压Navier-Stokes方程组实现了不同背压条件下射流撞击雾化的数值模拟。首先将数值模拟结果与试验数据进行对比,验证数值模拟的有效性,在此基础上开展了高背压条件下雾化过程的数值模拟。结果表明,随着背压的提高,气动力相应增强,液膜的破碎更加剧烈,一次雾化区域的液滴数密度增大,雾场由稀疏向稠密发展;液膜在向下游运动过程中波动速度的幅值逐渐增大,并且随着背压的提高,液膜的波动由线性向非线性转变;背压增大导致破碎长度减小,经过参数修正得到了液膜破碎长度的经验公式,并与试验数据进行了对比;背压对液滴尺寸分布规律没有显著影响,但随着背压的提高,同一时刻大液滴所占的比例提高,整个雾场的Sauter平均直径有增加的趋势,当背压从0.1MPa增大到1MPa时,雾场的Sauter平均直径由155.5μm增大到166.9μm;背压增大,液滴粒径分布的均匀度指数减小,液滴尺寸分布更加不均匀。     

剪切稀化非牛顿射流撞击液膜破碎直接数值模拟

液态射流撞击是液体火箭推进系统中广泛采用的一种燃料雾化方法,其破碎特征直接影响燃料最终的掺混及燃烧效率。采用直接数值模拟（DNS）工具,研究了低雷诺数（Re_l=41）和中等韦伯数（We_l=163）条件下剪切稀化非牛顿射流撞击液膜破碎的问题,着重分析了对角液膜的三维结构、破碎特征和非牛顿特性等。研究结果表明：在所研究的射流参数下,该非牛顿撞击液膜破碎属于Open Rim类别,破碎过程具有三维特性并伴随液丝与边缘的融合、液丝向液滴的转变等时域流动特征。液体的总表面积随时间不断增长,但单位表面积随液膜破碎的发生而下降,液膜扩张半角随时间逐渐增加并趋于恒定值43°,而后部液膜的长度几乎不随时间发生变化。此外,撞击液膜表现出明显的剪切稀化特性,液体内部最低黏性系数仅为零剪切黏性系数的1/5。