A survey of safety separation management and collision avoidance approaches of civil UAS operating in integration national airspace system

Recent years have witnessed a booming of the industry of civil Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS). As an emerging industry, the UAS industry has been attracting great attention from governments of all countries and the aviation industry. UAS are highly digitalized, informationized, and intelligent; therefore, their integration into the national airspace system has become an important trend in the development of civil aviation. However, the complexity of UAS operation poses great challenges to the traditional aviation regulatory system and technical means. How to prevent collisions between UASs and between UAS and manned aircraft to achieve safe and efficient operation in the integrated operating airspace has become a common challenge for industry and academia around the world. In recent years, the international community has carried out a great amount of work and experiments in the air traffic management of UAS and some of the key technologies. This paper attempts to make a review of the UAS separation management and key technologies in collision avoidance in the integrated airspace, mainly focusing on the current situation of UAS Traffic Management (UTM), safety separation standards, detection system, collision risk prediction, collision avoidance, safety risk assessment, etc., as well as an analysis of the bottlenecks that the current researches encountered and their development trends, so as to provide some insights and references for further research in this regard. Finally, this paper makes a further summary of some of the research highlights and challenges.     

太阳能飞机循环飞行的高度剖面能量策略

为满足设定的太阳能飞机多日连续飞行条件，依据飞行过程中当前时刻的飞行高度、光伏输出功率、动力电池组余量等系统状态参数，研究如何分配动力电池组充放电和电推进系统输入等功率。所用策略立足于实时功率平衡，充分利用正午前后的光伏峰值功率用于飞机爬升及充电，在午后下滑过程中利用全部光伏输出，以最大化利用光伏资源；在光伏有效输出不足时则以一定的维持功率下滑，使能量的综合损失最小。方法能够提高以预定夜间飞行高度连续多日续航的成功率，提升飞行高度、纬度、季节范围或搭载能力，或者拓展这几种飞行条件的组合域，优化太阳能飞机的适用性。     

FDI飞机舵面损伤故障全局检测的非线性数学模型

阐述了飞机在单舵面损伤故障下 ,建立故障状态下的数学模型 ,以及同样输入条件下飞机正常运动时的数学模型 ,得到飞机在相同飞行条件下损伤时的气动系数和无损伤正常时的气动系数 ,最终得到气动系数的残差。这将为以后飞机过载残差和角加速度残差奠定基础。论文中结合一定的算例给予证实推论的正确性。     

Ту-154М变稳飞机空中飞行模拟试验评述

依据Ту－１５４М变稳飞机的特点，主要进行了不同操纵器、不同控制律和不同显示画面的飞行试验研究。特别是通过中央杆和侧杆、电传系统不同控制律飞行品质特性之间、两种先进控制方案及不同显示方式的比较，不仅掌握了这方面的试飞技术和评定技术，还亲身体验到变稳飞机在发展仿真技术，新机预研及提高试飞员试飞技术和评定技术等方面的巨大作用。     

基于模糊粗糙集的飞机远程故障诊断模型研究

粗糙集和模糊集结合在飞机故障诊断领域有巨大的发展潜力。针对当前飞机故障诊断中所存在的问题,借助C/S模式,将粗糙集和模糊集结合,提出一种新型的飞机远程故障诊断模型,并且开发出远程诊断系统框架。系统的可行性和有效性得到了飞机故障诊断实例的证实。该系统具有客户端响应快、系统效率高、诊断及时的特点,对于当前民用飞机远程故障诊断具有重要应用价值。     

Digital Aircraft Sheet Metal Part Manufacturing System and Its Key Technology

The architecture of digital sheet metal manufacturing system is proposed based on the classification of sheet metal manufacturing information.The essence of digital manufacturing is the definition,management and transfer of information,and the key technologies are brought forward and described.It is pointed out that knowledge-based manufacturing elements design is necessary to make digital technology efficient.The management of all kinds of sheet metal manufacturing element information is to build single source of manufacturing data.Multi-state model-based digital transfer and coordination method is designed to provide a foundation for digital manufacturing of aircraft sheet metal part.The application of digital sheet metal manufacturing is exemplified with an aircraft sheet metal part.The application result is compared to that of the traditional analog transfer technology.It is shown that the developed technology can improve part quality,shorten manufacturing time and lower manufacturing cost.     

螺旋桨滑流对飞机绕流影响的试验研究

在国产双涡桨支线飞机发展过程中，曾专门研究过螺旋桨滑流对飞机表面压力分布的影响。本文以此为基础，从滑流对飞机绕流影响出发，研究了螺旋桨滑流引起飞机气动特性的变化，重点讨论了气动特性变化的机理。     

开放式飞行任务规划方法

本文给出了一种基于分布式黑板结构的开放式飞行任务规划方法，简要叙述了飞行器飞行任务规划的概念和其独特要求，并对飞行任务规划的数据预处理、知识表达、规划方法作了深入的探讨。最后介绍了分布式黑板的结构和运行方式。     

基于遗传算法和空间推进方法的高超声速进气道优化设计研究

将遗传算法（单目标遗传算法GA和多目标遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ、NCGA）与高效、高精度的卒间推进方法——SSPNS（Single-sweep Parabolized Navier-Stokes Algorithm）流场计算方法相结合，对二维高超声速进气道进行了气动优化设计研究。在单目标优化设计中以巡航点（Ma=7．0）的总压恢复最大为设计目标，多目标设计中则在巡航点分别考察了总压恢复最大-压升最大两目标模型、总压恢复最大-压升最大-阻力系数最小三目标模型。优化设计结果表明，单目标设计使得总压恢复有明显提高；多目标优化设计所得的Pareto最优前沿为设计者提供了可靠的设计依据。为了兼顾巡航点和加速爬升段的综合忭能，采用多目标优化方法对进气道进行了多点优化设计，并开展了基于等动压弹道的设计点选择问题初步研究。计算结果表明，若将设计点选在Ma=6．5左右，则进气道的综合性能较好。     

多道扫描探针系统在电弧风洞中的应用

介绍了一种用于诊断电弧风洞等离子体参数的多道扫描探针系统，使用该系统研究了ＦＤ０４风洞空流场的等离子体特性，利用ＣＴＷ理论分析了探针数据，实时给出了流场攻密度的空间分布。实验表明，空流场的电子温度分布基本是均匀的；电子密度分布与流场结构紧密相关，电子密度变化在３倍之内，随着流场结值的不同２，电子密度也随之变化。