振动环境质量载荷效应探究

航天飞行器有爆脱冲击环境质量载荷效应现象,类似也有振动环境质量载荷效应问题。国外一直在作这方面研究,机理不清,没有定论。本文对此加以述评,并对机理进行初步探究,这对预示振动环境及制定振动环境试验条件有重要意义.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

Cylindrical and spherical dust-electron-acoustic shock waves due to dust charge fluctuation

Cylindrical and spherical dust-electron-acoustic (DEA) shock waves propagating in a dusty plasma (containing cold inertial electrons, hot Maxwellian electrons, stationary and streaming ions, and charge fluctuating stationary dust) are theoretically investigated by reductive perturbation method. It is shown that the effect of the dust charge fluctuation introduces some new features in the nonlinear propagation of the DEA waves, particularly the dust charge fluctuation provides a source of dissipation, and is responsible for the formation of the DEA shock structures. It is also found that the basic features of the DEA nonlinear structures are significantly modified by the non-planar (viz. cylindrical and spherical) geometry, and that the height of the cylindrical DEA shock structures are larger than that of the planar DEA shock structures, but smaller than that of the spherical ones. The implications of these results in laboratory dusty plasmas are briefly discussed.     

Applying fuzzy bi-dimensional scenario-based model to the assessment of Mars mission architecture scenarios

Sending man to Mars has been a long-held dream of humankind. NASA plans human planetary explorations using approaches that are technically feasible, have reasonable risks and have relatively low costs. This study presents a novel Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) model for evaluating a range of potential mission scenarios for the human exploration of Mars. The three alternatives identified by the Mission Operations Directorate (MOD) at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) include split mission, combo lander and dual scenarios. The proposed framework subsumes the following key methods: first, the conjunction method is used to minimize the number of alternative mission scenarios; second, the Fuzzy Risk Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (RFMEA) is used to analyze the potential failure of the alternative scenarios; third, the fuzzy group Real Option Analysis (ROA) is used to estimate the expected costs and benefits of the alternative scenarios; and fourth, the fuzzy group permutation approach is used to select the optimal mission scenario. We present the results of a case study at NASA’s Johnson Space center to demonstrate: (1) the complexity of mission scenario selection involving subjective and objective judgments provided by multiple space exploration experts; and (2) a systematic and structured method for aggregating quantitative and qualitative data concerning a large number of competing and conflicting mission events.     

Research on vacuum plume and its effects

In vacuum environment, the exhaust flow of attitude control thrusters would expand freely and produce the plume, which possibly causes undesirable contamination, aerodynamic force and heating effects to the spacecraft. Plume work station (PWS) is developed by Beihang University (BUAA) for numerically simulating the vacuum plume and its effects. An approach which combines the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method and difference solution of Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations is applied. The internal flows in nozzles are simulated by solving the NS equations. The flow parameters at nozzle exit are used as the inlet boundary condition for the DSMC calculation. Experimental studies are carried out in a supersonic low density wind tunnel which could simulate the 60-80 km altitude environment to investigate the plume and its effects. To demonstrate the capability of PWS, numerical simulations are performed for the vacuum plume of several typical attitude control thrusters. The research results are of great help for the engineering design.     

污染效应对超声速燃烧室贫油熄火极限影响实验研究(流场诊断特别专栏)

针对污染效应对超声速燃烧室熄火性能影响问题,采用甲烷燃烧和电阻加热的燃烧室直连式对比实验方法,开展了污染效应对燃烧室贫油熄火极限影响研究。基于超声速燃烧室实验模型,研究了煤油喷嘴结构对贫油熄火极限的影响;采用高速摄像仪和平面激光诱导荧光技术（PLIF）,研究了加热方式对贫油熄火极限的影响,获得了光学测量结果和壁面压力分布,给出了纯净来流和污染来流条件下的燃烧室贫油熄火极限。研究表明：采用甲烷燃烧加热的燃烧室贫油熄火极限对应的当量比高于电阻加热的,分别为0.135和0.105;不同加热方式来流条件下,超声速燃烧室在燃烧不同阶段的稳定模式均为凹槽火焰稳定模式,火焰基底会呈现一定程度的脉动,但稳定在凹槽剪切层内。     

IEL&HIRF传递函数分析预测与系统定义

讨论闪电间接效应和高强度辐射场的飞机传递函数的同步测量与分析计算,论述飞机系统设备对闪电间接效应或高强度辐射场响应的分析预测方法,说明系统定义中电磁兼容及设备电磁防护的设计方法。     

飞机级闪电间接效应防护试验方法介绍

概述了闪电间接效应定义,飞机级闪电间接效应(IEL)防护试验的必要性,分析了IEL耦合机理,并对飞机级IEL防护试验方法进行了初步介绍。