Semi-supervised gear fault diagnosis using raw vibration signal based on deep learning

In aerospace industry, gears are the most common parts of a mechanical transmission system. Gear pitting faults could cause the transmission system to crash and give rise to safety disaster. It is always a challenging problem to diagnose the gear pitting condition directly through the raw signal of vibration. In this paper, a novel method named augmented deep sparse autoencoder (ADSAE) is proposed. The method can be used to diagnose the gear pitting fault with relatively few raw vibration signal data. This method is mainly based on the theory of pitting fault diagnosis and creatively combines with both data augmentation ideology and the deep sparse autoencoder algorithm for the fault diagnosis of gear wear. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by experiments of six types of gear pitting conditions. The results show that the ADSAE method can effectively increase the network generalization ability and robustness with very high accuracy. This method can effectively diagnose different gear pitting conditions and show the obvious trend according to the severity of gear wear faults. The results obtained by the ADSAE method proposed in this paper are compared with those obtained by other common deep learning methods. This paper provides an important insight into the field of gear fault diagnosis based on deep learning and has a potential practical application value.     

一种高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹智能预测方法

针对高超声速滑翔飞行器(Hypersonic glide vehicle, HGV)机动性强、轨迹预测困难的问题,选取气动加速度作为预测参数,提出了一种基于集合经验模态分解和注意力长短时记忆网络的HGV轨迹智能预测方法。首先,以HGV六自由度运动方程为基础,分析了其机动特性和气动力变化规律,建立了动力学跟踪模型,对气动加速度进行实时估计;其次,利用集合经验模态分解对估计的气动加速度进行分解和重构,减弱噪声影响,避免对预测模型的干扰;最后,利用去噪后的气动加速度数据对注意力长短时记忆网络进行训练,进而预测未来气动加速度数据并重构HGV未来轨迹,实现轨迹的在线预测。实验仿真表明,该方法能有效预测HGV机动轨迹,预测精度高、稳定性好。     

小波变换在遥测数据处理中的应用

采用离散小波变换方法对在轨卫星遥测数据进行处理,利用噪声和信号在不同小波尺度上的性质不同．基于极大极小化思想选取去噪处理中的阈值,达到分离噪声和信号的目的。结果表明：利用小波变换可有效消除卫星遥测数据的噪声。     

Aircraft engine fault detection based on grouped convolutional denoising autoencoders

Many existing aircraft engine fault detection methods are highly dependent on performance deviation data that are provided by the original equipment manufacturer. To improve the independent engine fault detection ability, Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) data can be used. However, owing to the characteristics of high dimension, complex correlations between parameters, and large noise content, it is difficult for existing methods to detect faults effectively by using ACARS data. To solve this problem, a novel engine fault detection method based on original ACARS data is proposed. First, inspired by computer vision methods, all variables were divided into separated groups according to their correlations. Then, an improved convolutional denoising autoencoder was used to extract the features of each group. Finally, all of the extracted features were fused to form feature vectors. Thereby, fault samples could be identified based on these feature vectors. Experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method and other competing methods by considering real ACARS data as the data source. The results reveal the good performance of our method with regard to comprehensive fault detection and robustness. Additionally, the computational and time costs of our method are shown to be relatively low.     

基于InfoLSGAN和AC算法的滚动轴承剩余寿命预测

为解决小样本和噪声干扰下滚动轴承剩余寿命(RUL)预测准确率低的问题,提出一种基于信息最小二乘生成对抗网络(information least squares generative adversarial network,InfoLSGAN)和行动者-评论家(actor-critic,AC)算法的滚动轴承剩余寿命预测方法。将堆叠降噪自动编码器、信息生成对抗网络和最小二乘生成对抗网络相结合,构建InfoLSGAN,自动地从噪声数据中提取可解释的鲁棒特征,解决梯度消失问题;采用基于AC的训练算法训练InfoLSGAN,减少训练时间,加快收敛速度;根据训练后的InfoLSGAN,利用softmax分类器预测测试样本中滚动轴承的剩余寿命。通过滚动轴承加速疲劳寿命试验验证该方法的有效性。试验结果证明,当信噪比等于0时,该方法对滚动轴承测试样本的寿命预测准确率至少提高了10%。在小样本情况下,滚动轴承剩余寿命预测的平均准确率达9584%。     

自动编码器在流场降阶中的应用

自动编码器作为一种压缩算法,在数据降维和去噪等方面有着广泛实践,有条件作为一种降阶方法在流场识别与数据处理方面得到应用。文章中以圆柱绕流为例,首先对圆柱后速度场建立了编码模型,用来对原始数据进行降维和特征提取,之后将编码后的数据与流场特征量相关联,建立了由流场编码回归圆柱表面压力系数的神经网络,探索了降维后数据的应用。结果表明,自动编码得到的结果能够承载原始速度场的主要信息,解码后速度场与原速度场测试均方根误差小于0.02,压力回归测试均方根误差可小于0.1。说明自动编码器能够作为一种流场的特征提取和降阶方法,在未来得到更广泛的应用。     

基于平移不变量的激光陀螺信号快速滤波方法

为提高激光陀螺的测量精度,提出了一种平移不变量小波快速滤波方法。对信号作循环平移,进行软(硬)阈值小波消噪处理再作逆平移,通过多次“平移——滤波——逆平移”过程,最后平均所获结果,有效消除软阈值小波滤波中的伪吉布斯现象。讨论了算法中平移量对滤波效果和计算复杂度的影响。用Allan方差法对一组激光陀螺实测零漂信号的不同方法滤波效果分析结果表明,该滤波法能在不影响滤波效果的前提下较大幅度减少计算量。     

一种非规则采样航空时序数据异常检测方法

航天器遥测数据的实时异常检测对于航天任务具有重要意义。以往方法大都考虑规则采样且缺失率较低的时序数据,然而航空时序数据具有维度大、噪声多、缺失率高、采样间隔不规则等特点,因此异常检测任务较为困难。针对非规则采样且具有缺失值的多维航空时序数据提出非规则采样多维时序数据异常检测（IMAD）算法。首先,采用带有可训练迟滞项的门控循环单元（GRU-D）对缺失值和非规则采样的时序数据进行建模;然后,采用变分自编码器建立随机性模型,学习正常时序数据的分布,从而对噪声数据具有鲁棒性;最后,利用基于极值理论的自适应阈值确定法确定合适阈值进行异常检测。结果显示,在两个真实航空时序数据集上,IMAD具有超出当前最新异常检测算法的性能;多个实验表明,IMAD在缺失率、参数以及数据集变化时,能够维持较好的异常检测效果,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

从图像处理的观点出发来看光学遥感器的成像质量

图像处理作为成像链路重要的一部分，充分利用地面去噪声和解卷积的作用，可以一定程度上提高成像质量。文章从不考虑、被动考虑以及主动考虑图像处理3个方面来对光学遥感器的成像质量进行了一些探讨。     

基于自编码器和LSTM的模型降阶方法

自编码器是一种有效的数据降维方法,可以学习到数据中的隐含特征,并重构出原始输入数据.本文提出了一种基于多层自编码器和长短期记忆网络的模型降阶方法,以提升降阶模型的精度.文中以二维圆柱绕流为例,对该方法进行了分析与验证.首先用多层自编码器对原始数据进行降阶和特征提取,然后构建基于长短期记忆网络的预测模型,最后将自编码器和...