填加造孔剂法制备泡沫铝及其吸能性能

以尿素为造孔剂,采用填加造孔剂法制备泡沫铝,系统研究了成型烧结温度、孔隙率和孔径大小对泡沫铝吸能性能的影响,在此过程中采用电子万能试验机和数字图像相关(DIC)技术同步测试分析。结果表明:填加造孔剂法可以良好的控制泡沫铝的孔隙率和孔径;泡沫铝的最佳成型烧结温度为650℃,在此温度下,泡沫铝的压缩屈服强度达到10.7 MPa;随着孔隙率的降低,泡沫铝的屈服强度和平台应力逐渐提高,材料吸能性能有显著增强;当孔径小于2.0 mm时,随着孔径的增大,材料的吸能性能小幅提高。DIC技术可以直观的表征泡沫材料力学行为,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

加载速率对层间断裂韧性的影响

虽然加载速率对层间断裂的影响已经被广泛的研究,但是现有的研究结果还未能给出加载速率对层间断裂韧性影响的明确趋势。研究人员发展了许多测量层合板复合材料以及胶接层断裂韧性的实验方法。本文的主要目的是对层间断裂韧性测量的实验方法进行综述,尤其是准静态和动态加载条件下层间起裂韧性的测量。首先介绍了准静态下Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型以及Ⅰ/Ⅱ复合型层间断裂韧性的测量方法,然后综述动态加载下层间断裂韧性的实验方法。前两部分着重介绍断裂实验中断裂参数(载荷、位移、起裂时间以及裂纹长度)的测量以及断裂韧性的计算。之后又综述了两种光学测量方法在层间断裂实验中的应用。最后将文献中加载速率对层间断裂韧性影响的实验研究结果进行了总结。     

Residual stress determination in friction stir butt welded joints using a digital image correlation-aided slitting technique

This paper presents an incremental cutting method for evaluating the longitudinal residual stresses in a butt welded thin plate via combining the traditional residual stress measurement methods and the advanced optical technique.The proposed approach,which can be called digital image correlation (DIC)-aided slitting technique,introduces a successive extension slot to a speci men and employs the DIC technique to measure the released displacement profiles of the cutting sections after each cutting increment.Then the displacement profiles are used to directly calculate the residual stress distributions up to the slot tip and hence,a stress distribution can be obtained after a cutting increment.Finally,all of the stress distributions are averaged to ultimately determine the original residual stress field.This method does not include any complex experimental operations or tedious derivation,and the resolution of stress variation is greatly improved by the continuous measurement of the released displacements.The presented method has been preliminarily verified by a specimen with residual stress introduced by a four-point bending test.The results show that residual stresses determined by the DIC-aided slitting technique agree well with those from finite element (FE) prediction.The residual stress in a friction stir welded aluminum specimen obtained by the presented technique is also consistent with the evaluations given by X-ray diffraction.Fur thermore,the residual stresses obtained by the DIC-aided slitting technique demonstrate higher accuracy and stability than the evaluations derived by the DIC-aided contour method.     

三维数字图像相关技术(3D DIC)在材料形变研究中的应用进展

三维数字图像相关技术(3D DIC)由于其非接触、全场化的测量方式,与其他光测方法相比,具有自动化、光路简单、普适性及抗干扰能力强等优点,广泛应用于多领域多种材料的力学性能测试中,但在应用过程中会出现测量精确性不确定、高温实验测量误差大、大曲率物体可测面积有限等问题。综述了3D DIC在不同种类材料常规力学实验中的应用,通过对比分析3D DIC、传统引伸计测量结果及有限元模拟结果,验证该技术精确性;由于高温和大变形测量中3D DIC的应用是目前的研究热点和难点,故重点介绍了高温散斑制备和多相机DIC等最新技术进展;指出在散斑对测量精度影响、微应变尺度测量、环境因素对测量效果干扰以及在军事材料和生物医学领域应用等方面还需对3D DIC进一步研究。     

聚合物PA66直至断裂的全程单轴本构关系研究

基于有限元辅助测试方法(Finite element aided testing,FAT)对新型聚合物PA66开展了直至破坏的全程单轴本构关系的研究。另外,将VIC-3D光测所得的试样表面应变场结果与有限元模拟结果进行对比,表明通过FAT方法获得的聚合物PA66全程单轴本构关系结果准确有效。最后给出了聚合物PA66的全程单轴本构关系曲线,给出了对应Chaboche本构关系模型的参数、材料临界破断应力、破断应变、应力三轴度等,并对试样的破断机理进行了分析。     

高硅氧/酚醛复合材料热变形实验测试及表面烧蚀形貌分析

通过非接触式高温变形测量系统,对高硅氧/酚醛防/隔热复合材料在单侧热流载荷作用下的温度和全场高温变形进行了精确测量,并对试样体积烧蚀后的表面微观形貌进行分析。实验结果表明,利用陶瓷板在1 000℃左右对高硅氧/酚醛复合材料试件辐射加热200 s后,通过测量发现距离加热面12.62 mm处热电偶温度峰值为259℃,从而说明高硅氧/酚醛复合材料具有优良的防/隔热性能。通过DIC方法测得试样加热200 s后沿加热方向的最大位移为0.18 mm,且沿着试样加热方向位移呈现出逐渐递减的规律。通过对材料烧蚀后表面形貌微观观测和分析,发现在试样加热面上出现了凹凸不平的烧蚀坑,并出现了一层很薄的高硅氧纤维高温熔融后的硅氧化合物颗粒结晶状物质。     

纤维金属层板的静力学性能测试与预测模型

为研究纤维金属层板(FML)的非线性变形行为和损伤机制,对GLARE2-2/1、GLARE2-3/2、GLARE3-2/1、GLARE3-3/2、GLARE6-2/1和GLARE6-3/2层板进行了静力拉伸测试,同时采用数字图像相关(DIC)技术观测了GLARE2-3/2、GLARE3-3/2和GLARE6-3/2试样的全场应变,基于修正的经典层板理论建立了考虑金属层塑性和预浸料层损伤的理论本构模型,模拟预测了GLARE层板的轴向弹性模量、断裂强度和应力-应变曲线,与测试结果进行了对比分析。对经历载荷作用的试样,采用腐蚀去层的方法研究了内部预浸料层的损伤。结果显示:铺层增加后受损伤预浸料层的性能退化更多,采用DIC技术能够有效检测静力拉伸载荷下GLARE试样内预浸料层的损伤,理论模型方法能够很好地模拟GLARE试样的静力拉伸试验过程。     

输出正方波的多档可调奇数分频器(FOD)

介绍一种使用现有通用计数器巧妙地实现对输入正方波脉冲信号进行多档奇数分频的电路,且输出信号的占空比与分频值无关,仍为正方波,分频值从3至29有14档之多.     

Ultraviolet 3D digital image correlation applied for deformation measurement in thermal testing with infrared quartz lamps

In thermal-structural testing of hypersonic materials and structures, deformation measurement on the front surface of an object directly heated by quartz lamps is highly necessary and very challenging. This work describes a novel front-surface high-temperature deformation measurement technique, which adopts ultraviolet 3D digital image correlation (UV 3D-DIC) to observe and measure the high-temperature deformation fields on front surfaces directly heated by quartz lamps. Compared with existing blue light DIC techniques, the established UV 3D-DIC, which combines UV CCD camera, active UV illumination and bandpass filter imaging, can effectively suppress the strong disturbing light emitted by the quartz lamps and the heated sample itself during heating process. Two experiments were carried out to verify the robustness and accuracy of the developed technique: (1) direct observation of front surfaces of a hypersonic thermal structure sample heated from room temperature to 1050 °C, and (2) front-surface thermal stain and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) measurement of an Inconel 718 sample up to 800 °C. The well matched strain and CTE results with literature data show that UV 3D-DIC system is an effective technique for front-surface deformation measurement and has great potential in characterizing deformation response of hypersonic materials and structures subjected to transient aerodynamic heating.     

复合纸板力学性能和应变率相关性测试与表征

为了研究复合纸板材料在不同应变率下的力学响应,利用万能材料试验机和高速率拉伸试验机进行了准静态和动态拉伸试验,同时利用高速摄像机和数字图像相关法(Digital image correlation,DIC)记录拉伸破坏过程和应变场。试验结果显示,纸板材料的拉伸力学性能和破坏机制具有明显的应变率相关性。随着应变率的增大,材料的拉伸强度显著增大,断裂应变在中应变率范围内也表现出明显的应变率效应。对比试验结果和3种应变率效应比表征模型的拟合结果,基于Cowper-Symonds表达式的表征模型,能够很好地描述纸板材料在中低应变率下的应变率效应。该模型对薄壁纸管能量吸收性能的模拟和理论研究,以及冲击防护结构设计提供了理论支撑。