Experimental investigation of boundary layer transition over a delta wing at Mach number 6

An experimental study on the boundary layer transition over a delta wing was carried out at Mach number 6 in a quiet wind tunnel. The Nano-tracer-based Planar Laser Scattering (NPLS) and Temperature-Sensitive Paints (TSP) techniques were used to measure the fine flow field structure and the wall Stanton number of the delta wing. The influence of factors such as the angle of attack and the Reynolds number was studied. The following results were obtained. The boundary layer transition between the leading edge and the centerline was dominated by the crossflow instability. At the location of the initial appearance of the traveling crossflow waves, the Stanton number began to rise. The Stanton number reached a maximum when the crossflow waves were broken up to turbulence. Increasing the angle of attack increased the spanwise pressure gradient at the windward side of the delta wing, thereby increasing the crossflow instability and advancing the boundary layer transition front. However, increasing the angle of attack caused the transition front to move backward at the leeward side. In addition, the sensitivity of the boundary layer transition to the Reynolds number varied with the angle of attack and the region.     

掺混孔结构对大曲率受限空间出口温度分布的影响

回流燃烧室的掺混射流在大曲率受限的弯管中与主流掺混,回流导致沿径向的压力梯度变化,增加了掺混流动的复杂性.为了研究不同掺混孔结构对掺混射流与主流在大曲率弯曲通道内的掺混规律,在有收缩比弯曲通道中多孔射流的出口温度分布测试中,对影响掺混冷却的各变化参数按照单一变量进行比对研究,对孔径、孔间距等掺混孔结构变量弯曲通道内的掺...     

进气横流对前缘冲击流量系数的影响

对靶面为圆弧面的单孔前缘冲击流量系数进行了实验测量,通过改变进气横流和单孔射流间的速比大小来模拟一排冲击孔中各孔实际所感受横流的不同。研究了孔雷诺数和进气横流速比对流量系数的影响,孔雷诺数范围:1.5×104~4.0×104,横流速比范围:0~0.3。结果显示冲击孔流量系数随孔雷诺数的增大而增大,最大增幅7%左右;随横流速比的增大而线性减小,最大减幅15%左右。由实验数据得到了冲击孔流量系数分别与孔雷诺数和横流速比的经验关系式。     

Transition study of 3D aerodynamic configures using improved transport equations modeling

As boundary layer transition plays an important role in aerodynamic drag prediction,the proposal and study of transition prediction methods simulating the complex flow phenomena are prerequisite for aerodynamic design. In this paper, with the application of the linear stability theory based on amplification factor transport transition equations on the two-equation shear stress transport(SST) eddy-viscosity model, a new method, the SST-N TS-N CF model, is yielded. The new amplification factor transport equation for the crossflow instability induced transition is proposed to add to the N TS equation proposed by Coder, which simulates Tollmien–Schlichting wave transition. The turbulent kinetic energy equation is modified by introducing a new source term that simulates the transition process without the intermittency factor equation. Finally, coupled with these two amplification factor transport equations and SST turbulence model, a four-equation transition turbulence model is built. Comparisons between predictions using the new model and wind-tunnel experiments of NACA64(2)A015, NLF(2)-0415 and ONERA-D infinite swept wing and ONERAM6 swept wing validate the predictive quality of the new SST-N_(TS)-N_(CF) model.     

Improved local amplification factor transport equation for stationary crossflow instability in subsonic and transonic flows

Transition prediction is a hot research topic of fluid mechanics. For subsonic and transonic aerodynamic flows, e^N method based on Linear Stability Theory (LST) is usually adopted reliably to predict transition. In 2013, Coder and Maughmer established a transport equation for Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) instability so that the e^N method can be applied to general Reynolds-Average-Navier-Stokes (RANS) solvers conveniently. However, this equation focuses on T-S instability, and is invalid for crossflow instability induced transition which plays a crucial role in flow instability of three-dimensional boundary layers. Subsequently, a transport equation for crossflow instability was developed in 2016, which is restricted to wing-like geometries. Then, in 2019, this model was extended to arbitrarily shaped geometries based on local variables. However, there are too many tedious functions and parameters in this version, and it can only be used for incompressible flows. Hence, in this paper, after a large amount of LST analyses and parameter optimization, an improved version for subsonic and transonic boundary layers is built. The present improved model is more robust and more concise, and it can be applied widely in aeronautical flows, which has great engineering application value and significance. An extensive validation study for this improved transition model will be performed.     

横流中喷雾掺混流场结构研究

为了获得有限空间内喷雾在横流影响下的掺混发展及机理,应用PIV系统测量了单个旋流雾化喷嘴产生的喷雾在横流中的掺混流场,实验在矩形通道内实施。获得了3种喷嘴入射角度和3种液气动量比下的掺混截面流场结构。结果表明,由于射流撞击、剪切和壁面约束作用,流场中形成前缘涡和反旋涡对,反旋涡对对掺混起了主要作用。比较不同喷嘴入射角度和液气动量比下的流场结构发现,随喷雾入射角度减小,两相作用提前发生,且反旋涡对尺度小,更利于掺混均匀;随液气动量比减小,气相作用增强,旋涡强度和尺度变小,更小的涡尺度更利于液滴均匀分布。     

横流作用下气液两相环状流射流液膜的雾化特性实验研究

为了更好地认识横向气流对气液两相环状流射流雾化过程的影响,本文采用高速摄像等技术,针对气液两相环状流射流液膜在横向气流中的破碎与雾化特性开展了实验研究。研究发现,气液两相环状流射流在横流作用下能够实现稳定的雾化,射流液膜的破碎与雾化具有周期性和不连续性特征;查清了雾化过程中射流液膜存在三种不同的破碎模式：爆式破碎、分段式破碎和环膜破碎,并对每种破碎模式下的液膜破碎特征进行了研究;结合实验结果统计分析,获得了射流液膜不同破碎模式的动力学条件和变化规律;同时对环状流射流液膜不同破碎阶段的雾化液滴的粒径分布进行了统计分析,发现三种破碎模式下,液膜的爆式破碎产生的雾化液滴粒径更小,雾化效果较好,同时提高环状流表观气速和横流速度也能够促进射流液膜的雾化。     

横向气流对空心锥形喷雾液滴群的夹带特性

空心锥形喷雾与横向气流的掺混是强化气液掺混的一种重要方式,目前对这一过程尚缺乏深入研究。为了研究横向气流对空心锥形喷雾射流液滴群的夹带特性,采用PIV可视化技术对掺混流场进行测量。结果表明:空心锥形喷雾与横流的相互作用在气流流向方向上诱导出现明显的剪切层及不稳定涡结构,对雾化液滴的扩散产生重要影响并引起液滴在剪切层区域的富集。在分析横流雷诺数、喷雾液滴雷诺数与液滴数流率对掺混流场剪切层结构影响规律的基础上,基于量纲分析和回归分析方法,建立了空心锥形喷雾与横向气流掺混流场中剪切层轨迹线的无量纲预测关联式。     

Statistical characteristics of spray autoignition of transient kerosene jet in cross flow

To study statistical characteristics of the random spray autoignition, aviation kerosene was injected transiently into non-vitiated air crossflow in a flow reactor with optical accesses. The operating conditions were relevant to gas turbine combustor: the air crossflow pressure and temperature were in the range of 1.4–1.7 MPa and 830–947 K, respectively, and the jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratios were 20, 50 and 80. Statistical distributions of random ignition delay times with adequate convergence were estimated based on histograms. The dependences of the distributions on reactor pressure, temperature, and jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio were studied. The results show that the resulting distributions appear more concentrated with the increase of air temperature or jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio. And then the correlations for the mean and standard deviation of the ignition delay time sample data were developed based on the present results. Compared with the correlations of ignition delay time of homogeneous premixed gas-phase kerosene/air mixture reported in the literature, the results show a greater significance pressure dependence and lower temperature sensitivity of the ignition delay time of non-premixed kerosene spray.