侧板边界层对正激波/边界层干扰特性影响的数值模拟研究

为了研究外压式进气道处于临界工况时结尾正激波同时与压缩面和侧板上边界层的相互干扰,专门设计了三组具有不同前伸长度侧板的简化构型作为研究对象,利用数值模拟手段评估了侧板边界层厚度对正激波/边界层干扰特性的影响。仿真结果表明,当没有侧板边界层参与干扰时流动呈现较好的准二维特性,但当侧板边界层参与干扰后将形成较强的角区干扰结构,该角区三维干扰结构与对称面上的准二维干扰结构存在此消彼长的关系。此外,波系的空间形态也将由“准二维λ波”结构变为“双λ波+角区压缩波”结构,波系形态的改变则进一步导致壁面回流区分布以及摩擦力线拓扑结构变得更加复杂。     

槽道射流及端壁抽吸对角区分离的组合控制研究

为优化叶片吸力面流动分离结构,探究对于角区分离更好的流动控制方法,以一大弯角扩压静子叶栅为研究对象,对叶片进行全叶高槽道结构处理,并在其基础上于槽道出口前进行端壁抽吸槽结构处理.在来流马赫数为0.7,来流攻角为-8°～6°工况下,对原型叶栅、全叶高开槽叶栅及组合流动控制叶栅进行性能计算及对比.结果表明:全叶高开槽方案能...     

仿生翅室对跨声速扩压叶栅角区分离流动影响研究

为了抑制压气机叶片吸力面角区分离,减小内部流动损失,改善通道内的通流能力,基于蜻蜓翅翼的翅室和褶皱结构特征,在跨声速扩压叶栅的端壁上布置仿生翅室结构.采用数值模拟方法,研究不同深度的仿生翅室结构对角区分离流动的影响.研究结果表明:0°攻角条件下仿生翅室影响效果最明显,能够提高端壁附近的湍动能,增加靠近端壁处流体速度,减...     

端壁抽吸位置对压气机叶栅角区分离控制的影响

以某高负荷压气机叶栅为研究对象,应用数值模拟方法探索了叶栅端壁不同抽吸位置对角区流动结构、通道漩涡发展过程以及叶栅性能的影响规律,寻求控制角区分离的可行方法。研究结果表明:在叶栅前缘上游5%C(弦长)位置实施抽吸,延缓了通道涡的形成,但导致叶栅来流攻角发生改变,在角区形成角区分离涡,并且该漩涡与通道涡相互促进,进一步恶化叶栅流场,导致叶栅落后角增大,损失增加;在叶栅通道激波后25%C端壁抽吸,吸除了上游端壁积累的高熵低能气流,制约了通道涡的迅速发展,改善了叶栅通道的流场结构,降低了流动损失,但并未对上游流场产生较大影响,是一种可行的方案。然而25%C处抽吸后,未能完全消除分离,在端部与叶栅通道主流之间存在较高损失区域。     

In-orbit assessment of laser retro-reflector efficiency onboard high orbiting satellites

The navigation and geodetic satellites that orbit the Earth at altitudes of approximately 20,000 km are tracked routinely by many of the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS). In order to meet increasing demands on SLR stations for daytime and nighttime observations, any new mission needs to ensure a strong return signal so that the target is easily acquirable. The ILRS has therefore set a minimum effective cross-section of 100 million square metres for the on-board laser retro-reflector arrays (LRAs) and further recommends the use of ‘uncoated’ cubes in the arrays. Given the large number of GNSS satellites that are currently supported by SLR, it is informative to make an assessment of the relative efficiencies of the various LRAs employed. This paper uses the laser ranging observations themselves to deduce and then compare the efficiencies of the LRAs on the COMPASS-M1 navigation satellite, two satellites from the GPS and three from the GLONASS constellations, the two GIOVE test satellites from the upcoming Galileo constellation, the two Etalon geodetic spheres and the geosynchronous communications test satellite, ETS-8. All the LRAs on this set of satellites employ back-coated retro-reflector cubes, except those on the COMPASS-M1 and ETS-8 vehicles which are uncoated. A measure of return signal strength, and thus of LRA-efficiency, is calculated using the laser-range full-rate data archive from 2007 to 2010, scaled to remove the effects of variations in satellite range, atmospheric attenuation and retro-reflector target total surface area. Observations from five SLR stations are used in this study; they are Herstmonceux (UK), Yarragadee (Australia), Monument Peak and McDonald (USA) and Wettzell (Germany). Careful consideration is given to the treatment of the observations from each station in order to take account of local working practices and system upgrades. The results show that the uncoated retro-reflector cubes offer significant improvements in efficiency.     

Full blended blade and endwall design of a compressor cascade

In the current state-of-the-art, high-loss flow in the endwall significantly influences compressor performance. Therefore, the control of endwall corner separation in compressor blade rows is important to consider. Based on the previous research of the Blended Blade and EndWall (BBEW) technique, which can significantly reduce corner separation, in combination with a non-axisymmetric endwall, the full-BBEW technique is proposed in this study to further reduce the separation in endwall region. The principle of the unchanged axial passage area is considered to derive the geometric method for this technique. Three models are further classified based on different geometric characteristics of this technique: the BBEW model, Inclining-Only EndWall (IOEW) model, and full-BBEW model. The most effective design of each model is then found by performing several optimizations at the design point and related numerical investigations over the entire operational conditions. Compared with the prototype, the total pressure loss coefficient decreases by 7%–9% in the optimized full-BBEW at the design point. Moreover, the aerodynamic blockage coefficient over the entire operational range decreases more than the other models, which shows its positive effect for diffusion. This approach has a larger decrease at negative incidence angles where the intersection of the boundary layer plays an important role in corner separation. The analysis shows that the blended blade profile enlarges the dihedral angle and creates a span-wise pressure gradient to move low momentum fluid towards the mainstream. Furthermore, the inclining hub geometry accelerates the accumulated flow in the corner downstream by increasing the pressure gradient. Overall, though losses in the mainstream grow, especially for large incidences, the full-BBEW technique effectively reduces the separation in corners.     

任意二维目标散射的复射线分析

复射线分析是处理高频电磁散射的一种有效方法，本文以分段直线及圆弧来模拟任意二维散射体，给出了散射场的复射线表达式，作为应用举例，计算了涂层二维角反射器的雷达散射截面，计算结果与实验结果吻合良好。     

S-A模型在分离流动模拟中的改进

基于湍流不平衡性的分析,通过修正雷诺应力以及模型系数的计算,提高了S-A模型在二维边界层以及三维叶栅的分离流动上的预估能力。修正后的S-A模型给出了与实验吻合较好的结果,在对于分离流动的预估能力上优于原始模型。     

一种基于微多普勒特征的海面角反射器干扰鉴别方法

角反射器是海面舰船对抗反舰导弹的一种重要的无源干扰。本文以漂浮式角反射器干扰和舰船为研究对象,根据耐波性理论,建立了海面目标的微动模型,并分析了它们的微动特征。采用散射中心模型,推导了海面目标横摇运动引入的雷达微多普勒信号模型,利用时频分析方法和一阶矩方法,提取了目标回波的瞬时多普勒和微多普勒。通过定义目标雷达回波的微多普勒主频率特征实现了角反射器干扰的有效鉴别。仿真计算表明,在信噪比大于0dB的条件下,角反射器干扰的正确鉴别率大于95%。     

中心线变化规律和膨胀比对圆转方过渡段流场形态的影响

为了获得流道中心线变化规律和截面膨胀比ε对圆转方过渡段流场形态的影响规律,在某型发动机的真实工况下,分别对3种中心线变化规律(前缓后急、缓急相当、前急后缓)和5种膨胀比(1.00,1.01,1.03,1.05,1.07)的圆转方过渡段结构进行建模计算,得到了圆转方过渡段内部流场形态、总压恢复系数和流向涡涡量的变化规律。结果表明:不同结构的横截面静压和速度分布差异较大。前急后缓结构在圆转方横截面出现明显的角涡;在三种中心线变化规律结构中总压恢复系数沿流向均呈下降趋势,流向涡涡量沿流向均呈先增大后减小的趋势,三种结构的流向涡涡量最大值从大到小依次为前急后缓结构、前缓后急结构和缓急相当结构,最大最小值相差19%。随着膨胀比的增大,在圆转方横截面会出现角涡;在不同膨胀比结构中总压恢复系数沿流向均呈下降趋势,流向涡涡量沿流向均呈先增大后减小的趋势,膨胀比1.03结构的局部流向涡无量纲涡量比1.07结构小40.9%。缓急相当中心线变化规律和膨胀比ε=1.03为最佳结构参数。