Stellar flares

Radio and X-ray observations of stellar flares provide the most direct probes of energy relaase particle acceleration, and energy transport on stars other than the Sun. In this review, the observational basis for our understanding of the flare phenomenon on other stars is briefly described and outstanding interpretive and theoretical issues are discussed. I shall confine my attention to objects which are solar-like, to the extent that they possess deep convective envelopes and display activity which is presumed to be magnetic in origin. These include pre-main sequence objects, classical flare stars, and close binaries. Future directions are briefly discussed.     

微喷管流场及其推力性能数值模拟

采用连续介质模型和分子运动模型系统地研究了二维微喷管内的流场及推力特性，重点考察了连续介质模型的适用性、微喷管工作条件和几何结构对流场结构和喷管性能的影响。研究结果表明，在努森数不大时，两种方法的结果基本符合。当努森数大于0．045时，连续介质模型与分子运动模型模拟结果差异较大。微喷管的推力和喉部雷诺数与喷管的入口压力、喉部宽度近似成线性变化；微喷管收缩角、扩张角给定时，其扩张段的长度仅影响推进性能，对流场结构影响较小。在喉部尺寸和扩张比一定时，扩张角为22度的微喷管推进性能最佳。     

变刚度连续型机械臂设计与控制

针对空间机械臂碰撞过程中产生的冲击和破坏问题,提出一种能被动适应碰撞且能保证操作精度的可变刚度丝驱动连续型机械臂。在以超弹镍钛合金丝为支撑脊椎和驱动部件的基础结构上,设计了一种利用温控记忆合金改变关节内摩擦力的变刚度方法。通过运动学分析得到机械臂驱动空间、构型空间和工作空间之间的坐标映射及速度雅克比矩阵,并结合末端位置反馈设计了一个稳定的闭环运动控制器。在检测丝驱动力的基础上提出了一种碰撞识别方法和相应的变刚度控制策略。运动控制和变刚度控制的实验结果表明该连续型机械臂具有良好的运动控制精度和刚度调节能力。     

分段函数可导性的一种简便判别法

分段函数的可导性问题是高等数学理论中的一个重点和难点 ,学生在平时的学习中不易掌握 ,本文介绍一种简单判别分段函数在分段点处的可导性的方法     

空间太阳能电站姿态运动-结构振动耦合建模与分析

针对多旋转关节空间太阳能电站构型，利用基于能量等效原理的连续体等效方法将其等效为柔性梁模型，并考虑重力梯度影响，建立了姿态运动与结构振动的耦合动力学模型；结合Runge-Kutta 法和Newmark法的优点，提出了适用于求解姿态运动与结构振动耦合动力学方程的改进算法，相比于经典Runge-Kutta 法大幅提高了效率；利用改进算法得到了不同参数下的动力学响应。在此基础上，推导了结构振动量级随结构尺寸的六次方量级增加的规律，仿真结果表明尺寸过大引发不稳定现象；分析了姿态运动和重力梯度对结构振动频率和振幅的影响；发现了姿态运动周期受结构柔性影响而增大的现象，这种现象在低轨以及大初始姿态角下影响更为明显。     

基于CDM的开口复合材料层合板结构损伤问题研究

为研究含开口复合材料层合板结构在面内载荷作用下的损伤破坏问题,基于CDM基本原理,从平面应力状态下的Gibbs自由能出发,建立描述复合材料层合板结构层内断裂破坏的二维渐进损伤关系;基于ABAQUS材料用户子程序,将上述渐进损伤关系与二维Hashin失效准则相结合,开发复合材料损伤本构模型,并对含开口复合材料层合板结构在拉伸载荷作用下的破坏过程进行数值模拟;通过与文献试验数据的对比,证明该模型在平面拉伸载荷状态下可以有效预测含开口层合板结构的损伤起始与扩展过程,对层合板强度的预测误差较小。应用上述模型对三种不同开口类型层合板结构在剪切载荷作用的下损伤、破坏分析,结果表明：对于相同面积的开口,不同的开口类型会导致层合板抗剪强度产生较大的差异;而在铺层相同情况下,椭圆形开口层合板的剪切强度相对较高。     

对连续流式电泳简化数学模型的研究

用有限分析法对连续流式电泳的电流体力学过程进行了三维数值模拟。数值结果表明,Ｐｏｌｅｚｈａｅｖ（［１,２］）等人提出的电泳简化数学模型在处理重力条件下有回流问题时,所得结果与三维准确方程的计算结果严重不符。因此该模型不能用于重力有回流问题。为了克服上述缺陷,在解析分析的基础上,文章提出了一个新的电泳问题简化数学模型。数值计算显示,该模型所得结果与三维准确方程的计算结果十分吻合。     

Dynamic modeling and beating phenomenon analysis of space robots with continuum manipulators

Space robotics has been used extensively in complex space missions. Rigid-manipulator space robots may suffer from rigid-body collisions with targets. This collision is likely to cause damage to the space robot and the target. To overcome such a problem, a novel Continuum-Manipulator Space Robot (CMSR) for performing on-orbit servicing missions is proposed in this paper. Compared with rigid-manipulator space robots, CMSRs are able to perform compliant operations and avoid rigid-body collisions with a target. The CMSR consists of two kinds of flexible components, including solar arrays and continuum manipulators. The elastic vibrations of these flexible components disturb the position and attitude of CMSRs. The beating phenomenon introduced by the energy transfer among these flexible components can cause damage to solar arrays. The complicated dynamic coupling poses enormous challenges in dynamic modeling and vibration analysis. The dynamic model for CMSRs is derived and the mechanism of the beating phenomenon is analyzed in this paper. Simulation results show that an obvious beating phenomenon occurs and the amplitude of the solar arrays increases significantly when the natural frequencies of two kinds of flexible components are close. A method is provided to avoid the beating phenomenon.     

Damage characteristics and constitutive modeling of the 2D C/SiC composite: Part Ⅱ–Material model and numerical implementation

In this work, a macroscopic non-linear constitutive model accounting for damage, inelastic strain and unilateral behavior is proposed for the 2D plain-woven C/Si C composite. A set of scalar damage variables and a new thermodynamic potential expression are introduced in the framework of continuum damage mechanics. In the deduced constitutive equations, the material's progressive damage deactivation behavior during the compression loading is described by a continuous function, and different deactivation rates under uniaxial and biaxial compression loadings are also considered. In damage evolution laws, the coupling effect among the damage modes and impediment effect of compression stress on the development of shear damage in different plane stress states are taken into account. Besides, the general plasticity theory is applied to describing the evolution of inelastic strain in tension and/or shear stress state. The Tsai–Wu failure criterion is adopted for strength analysis. Additionally, the material model is implemented as a user-defined material subroutine(UMAT) and linked to the ABAQUS finite element software, and its performance is demonstrated through several numerical examples.     

空间连续型机器人位姿与构型的能量整形控制

针对空间连续型机器人(SCR)位置和姿态机动、连续型机械臂变形控制以及系统受到外界干扰的问题,基于连接与阻尼配置-无源性控制(IDA PBC)方法设计了控制器。通过能量整形得到空间连续型机器人期望的能量函数,再对系统注入阻尼使其渐近稳定。利用非线性干扰观测器估计系统受到的干扰,并对外界干扰进行补偿。仿真结果表明：设计的控制器可以使空间连续型机器人机动到指定的位置和姿态,同时控制连续型机械臂变形为期望的构型,并且具有主动抗干扰的能力。通过选择合适的能量整形系数和阻尼注入系数,可使系统以期望的动态性能到达指定的平衡点。