原状黄土和重塑黄土的湿陷性

在不同含水量下对原状黄土和重塑黄土进行了湿陷性试验，得到了原状黄土、重塑黄土随含水量的变化曲线分别为下凹型和上凸型；小压力下重塑黄土的湿陷系数大于原状黄土的湿陷系数。     

污染土壤原位生物修复技术进展

原位生物修复在治理污染土壤中的作用日益突出，因而对于原住生物修复的研究愈加受到重视。文中针对原位生物修复的发展情况分别就生物修复实例和实验室研究进展进行了综述。     

Soil moisture estimation by using multipolarization SAR image

In the past studies, different soil moisture estimation models were developed for bare soil areas by using remotely-sensed data. However, there are few models that can be used to estimate soil moisture in vegetated areas. Water Cloud Model (WCM) model is a widely used soil moisture estimation model has been developed for vegetated areas. In this study, the WCM model was extended to take soil roughness parameter into consideration. The modeling and its accuracy assessment were done by using multi-polarization Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) images and ground data collected during field Soil Moisture Experiments.     

氯化钾镀锌大规模生产故障分析

本文对氯化钾镀锌在大规模生产中存在的故障进行系统的研究和分析，发现镀锌层的主要故障有发花、发雾、碰伤、掉膜、淋漆等。选择好的光亮添加剂、加强镀锌后清洗，改进下挂方式、调整浸漆工艺等，并加强管理是有效提高产品一次性合格率的主要措施。     

黄海气象海况对海上发射运载火箭的影响

海上发射运载火箭的实施过程会受到气象海洋环境的影响和制约,气象海洋环境会直接影响海上发射窗口期的选择及发射安全。为避免海上发射在复杂气象海况条件下发生设备重大损坏、窗口长期延后和人员安全事故等问题,通过分析黄海海域波浪场、风场、温度场及降水场的分布特征及变化规律,对基于季节变化特征的海上发射实施阶段及季节性预防趋势进行分析总结,为以后在不同季节极端天气下海上发射运载火箭提供参考。     

驱动轮结构参数对月球车牵引性能影响研究

研究在月球表面环境下月球车的牵引通过性能,对保证其正常探测工作具有重要意义.根据牵引性能的评价指标,在模拟月壤-车轮土槽测试系统上对不同结构参数的驱动轮牵引性能进行对比试验.结果表明,当增大驱动轮宽度和直径时,其挂钩牵引力和效率系数都呈增大趋势;增大驱动轮的轮刺高度,挂钩牵引力增大;当滑转率小于20%时,效率系数随着轮刺高度的增大而增大,而当滑转率大于20%时,效率系数随着轮刺高度的增大而减小;增大驱动轮轮刺密度时,其挂钩牵引力和效率系数随之先增大后减小.      

Soil moisture mapping over the Chinese Loess Plateau using ENVISAT/ASAR data

In this paper, we used the available algorithm for soil moisture estimation over LOPEX05 (the Loess Plateau land surface process Experiment (2005)) area. The available algorithm used ENVISAT/ASAR AP mode VV polarization observational data at a low incidence angle and ground measured soil moistures. The ground measurements were performed in the summer of the 2005 during the LOPEX05 field campaign. The validated results indicate that an average difference between the soil moistures estimated from the microwave remote sensing and ground measurements is less than 0.02 cm³/cm³, with a RMS error of 2.0%, and a maximum less than 0.04 cm³/cm³. The algorithm was applied to the surface soil moisture mapping later. The results show that this algorithm is suitable for monitoring soil moisture information of the agricultural fields over the Chinese Loess Plateau, when ground land cover situation and the resolution of imagery data are taken into account. However, we also find that there are large differences over the steep slope region, the edge of mesa. The results are not acceptable for surface soil moisture estimation in these regions. Thus, the surface soil moisture retrieval in the steep slope region of the Loess Plateau need to be further investigated in the future.     

TS-InSAR analysis for monitoring ground deformation in Lanzhou New District,the loess Plateau of China,from 2017 to 2019

Large-scale land creation projects involving the cutting of mountains to infill gullies for construction have been carried out in Lanzhou New District (LZND). However, there is an urgent need for comprehensive and detailed research on the spatiotemporal evolution of ground deformation in LZND. Based on Sentinel-1A SAR data, combined with the urban geological background, the ground deformation in LZND from 2017 to 2019 was analysed. Two independent, multi-temporal techniques, persistent scatterers interferometry (PS-InSAR) and the small baseline subset (SBAS-InSAR), were used to calculate the deformation time series, and the results were cross-verified. The time series-monitoring results of the SBAS and PS calculations exhibited strong consistency in LZND and verified the high reliability of the experimental results. The results showed the whole surface of the LZND from March 2017 to October 2019 maintained stability, and the deformation rate was primarily in the range of ?10 to 10 mm/year. However, ground deformation in the Xicha area was evident. The maximum annual deformation rates monitored by SBAS-InSAR and PS-InSAR were ?52.48 mm/year and ?56.35 mm/year, respectively. The most typical deformation areas include the built-up area and the land creation area. The surface subsidence area was concentrated in the filling area. The ground deformation range of LZND kept expanding and accelerating from 2017 to 2019. Land creation, urban construction, geology and precipitation were the primary factors contributing to local severe ground deformation. The results of this study provide reference for the regional urban planning in LZND.     

Crop parameters estimation by fuzzy inference system using X-band scatterometer data

Learning fuzzy rule based systems with microwave remote sensing can lead to very useful applications in solving several problems in the field of agriculture. Fuzzy logic provides a simple way to arrive at a definite conclusion based upon imprecise, ambiguous, vague, noisy or missing input information. In the present paper, a subtractive based fuzzy inference system is introduced to estimate the potato crop parameters like biomass, leaf area index, plant height and soil moisture. Scattering coefficient for HH- and VV-polarizations were used as an input in the Fuzzy network. The plant height, biomass, and leaf area index of potato crop and soil moisture measured at its various growth stages were used as the target variables during the training and validation of the network. The estimated values of crop/soil parameters by this methodology are much closer to the experimental values. The present work confirms the estimation abilities of fuzzy subtractive clustering in potato crop parameters estimation. This technique may be useful for the other crops cultivated over regional or continental level.     

GRACE products and land surface models for estimating the changes in key water storage components in the Nile River Basin

The Nile River Basin (NRB) is facing extreme demand for its water resources due to an alarming increase in population and the changing climate. The NRB is not compatible with ground-based in-situ observations owing to its large basin area size and limited hydrological data access from basin countries. Thus, it lends itself to remotely sensed approaches with high spatial resolution and extended temporal coverage. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) avails a unique opportunity to investigate the changes in key components of terrestrial water storage (TWS). GRACE TWS solutions have specific tuning parameters and processing strategies that result in regionally specific variations and error patterns. We explored the TWS time series spatiotemporal changes, trends, uncertainties, and signal-to-noise ratio among different GRACE TWS data. We had also investigated the key terrestrial water storage components such as surface water, soil moisture, and groundwater storage changes. The results show that GRACE spherical harmonic solutions' uncertainty is higher than the mass concentration (mascon) over the NRB, and the Center for Space Research-mascons had the best performance. The evapotranspiration correlation (R² = 0.85) has the highest correlation with GRACE’s TWS, whereas the normalized difference vegetation index (R² = 0.82) has the second highest correlation. Notably, significant long-term (2003–2017) negative groundwater and soil moisture trends demonstrate a potential depletion of the NRB. Despite an increase in precipitation and the TWS time series, the rate of decline increased rapidly after 2008, thereby indicating the possibility of human-induced change (e.g. for irrigation purposes). Therefore, the results of this study provide a guide for future studies related to hydro-climatic change over the NRB and similar basins.