民用飞机设计驾驶舱操纵设备的评估

人机工效影响着飞行员操纵飞机的感受,因此在民用飞机设计过程中,对人机工效进行及早考虑是非常重要的。在民用飞机设计的各个阶段,都需要适时邀请具有一定资质的飞行员对驾驶舱的人机工效进行评估。对民用飞机设计中飞控驾驶舱飞行员评估方法进行介绍,对评估的要点进行总结分析,供相关工程设计人员参考。     

飞机座舱盖串级PID加温控制系统设计

座舱盖加温加载试验台是验证飞机飞行时的气动加温和气动加载是否会引发座舱盖疲劳破坏的最有 效途径之一,但在设计与搭建试验台的过程中,不可避免地会遇到座舱盖表面温度场滞后和超调等问题。在交 流换热给座舱盖加温的背景下,对加温系统进行建模,分别给出串级 PID 调节器和加温控制系统的设计方案, 并对控制效果进行分析。结果表明:本文设计的加温控制系统有效地解决了加温过程中温度场滞后及超调的 问题,且灵敏度较高。     

基于大型客机操作程序的人机功能分配研究

依据"人机协作"理念,提出了一种民用飞机驾驶舱人机功能分配的优化方法,即通过人机系统的功能分类及自动化等级划分、飞行阶段任务分解,对操作程序进行重构并采用专家评价的方法对人机功能分配进行优化与评估。该方法对于大型客机驾驶舱人机界面的设计和飞行员操作程序的制定具有一定的参考价值。     

基于条件规则及故障树的舱音分析诊断

基于多个典型舱音样本声,依据舱音辨听传统方法、小波变换等现代分析方法,得到风切变音频、近地音频警告等不同舱音背景声及其频率等特征信息。提出利用条件规则和故障树对舱音特征进行分析、诊断,以区别近似舱音或不同舱音的近似特征,为准确掌握飞行事故原因、分析诊断飞行事故、保障飞行安全具有一定借鉴作用。     

基于Huffman最优二叉树支持向量机的舱音记录器背景信号识别

飞行器舱音记录器(CVR)记录的舱音信号,通常是语音声、警告声、开关按钮声和背景噪声等混合而成.目前国内对该类信号的分析和辨别主要是计算机译码后利用人耳进行辨听,存在不易准确分辨各种独立声音信号的缺点.针对舱音信号是一种非平稳性的时频信号,提出了基于多尺度最优小波包基的CVR背景信号特征提取算法,将10种典型信号进行小波包分解,以分解得到的子带能量作为信号初始特征,再根据类间最大距离准则选取最优小波包基,从而确定待识别信号最具有代表性的特征向量,最后基于Huffman最优二叉树支持向量机进行CVR背景信号分类.仿真实验结果表明,该方法的平均识别率为94.62%,可以应用于CVR背景声音信号的自动识别.     

某型机座舱照明系统分析与改进

深入分析了某型机座舱照明"左明右暗"产生原因,进行了改进技术方案论证。根据飞机现状,提出了改进座舱照明效果最优技术方案。     

An experimental analysis of situation awareness for cockpit display interface evaluation based on flight simulation

Aircraft cockpit display interface (CDI) is one of the most important human-machine interfaces for information perceiving. During the process of aircraft design, situation awareness (SA) is frequently considered to improve the design, as the CDI must provide enough SA for the pilot to maintain the flight safety. In order to study the SA in the pilot-aircraft system, a cockpit flight simulation environment is built up, which includes a virtual instrument panel, a flight visual display and the corresponding control system. Based on the simulation environment, a human-in-the-loop experiment is designed to measure the SA by the situation awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT). Through the experiment, the SA degrees and heart rate (HR) data of the subjects are obtained, and the SA levels under different CDI designs are analyzed. The results show that analyzing the SA can serve as an objective way to evaluate the design of CDI, which could be proved from the consistent HR data. With this method, evaluations of the CDI design are performed in the experimental flight simulation environment, and optimizations could be guided through the analysis.     

A model for discrimination and prediction of mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface

With respect to the ergonomic evaluation and optimization in the mental task design of the aircraft cockpit display interface, the experimental measurement and theoretical modeling of mental workload were carried out under flight simulation task conditions using the performance evaluation, subjective evaluation and physiological measurement methods. The experimental results show that with an increased mental workload, the detection accuracy of flight operation significantly reduced and the reaction time was significantly prolonged; the standard deviation of R-R intervals（SDNN） significantly decreased, while the mean heart rate exhibited little change; the score of NASA_TLX scale significantly increased. On this basis, the indexes sensitive to mental workload were screened, and an integrated model for the discrimination and prediction of mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface was established based on the Bayesian Fisher discrimination and classification method. The original validation and cross-validation methods were employed to test the accuracy of the results of discrimination and prediction of the integrated model, and the average prediction accuracies determined by these two methods are both higher than 85%. Meanwhile, the integrated model shows a higher accuracy in discrimination and prediction of mental workload compared with single indexes. The model proposed in this paper exhibits a satisfactory coincidence with the measured data and could accurately reflect the variation characteristics of the mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface, thus providing a basis for the ergonomic evaluation and optimization design of the aircraft cockpit display interface in the future.     

民机驾驶舱中触摸屏设备应用的工效学探讨

触摸屏设备已广泛应用于各个领域,为触摸屏技术应用于民机驾驶舱的显控设备提供了可能.从触摸屏设备的技术特点出发,详细分析了触摸屏技术在民机驾驶舱内的潜在应用可能性及其工效学问题,对比分析了触摸屏技术与其他控制方式的操作绩效.结果表明:是否适宜采用触摸屏技术取决于控制设备的执行任务.以期该研究对触摸屏技术应用于民机驾驶舱及其工效学设计考虑提供理论支持和技术参考.     

基于虚拟仿真的民机驾驶舱人机工效评价技术研究

对民机驾驶舱人机工效进行分析、评价并加以优化,可以使机组人员更加安全、舒适、高效地完成飞行任务。本文利用驾驶舱三维数字模型,研究了基于虚拟仿真的驾驶舱人机工效评价技术。首先,建立了参数化的飞行员人体模型,构建了人体姿态库;其次,将其集成到DELMIA软件虚拟环境中,开发了驾驶舱人机工效虚拟评价原型试验系统;最后结合实例证明了该系统的有效性。