高分子纳米复合材料研究进展(Ⅰ)──高分子纳米复合材料的制备、表征和应用前景

综述了高分子纳米复合材料的发展研究现状,将高分子纳米复合材料的制备方法分为四大类：纳米单元与高分子直接共混（内含纳米单元的制备及其表面改性方法）;在高分子基体中原位生成纳米单元;在纳米单元存在下单体分子原位聚合生成高分子及纳米单元和高分子同时生成。介绍了高分子纳米复合材料的表征技术及其应用前景。     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

及物性系统视角下的海盗形象——对史蒂文森《金银岛》中荒岛怪人的文体分析

史蒂文森的《金银岛》是一部广为传阅的荒岛文学作品。其中，荒岛怪人本·冈恩人物形象鲜明。本文从及物性系统的角度分析了本·冈恩落魄的出场和容貌、不同寻常的言语行为以及具有戏剧效应的人物事迹，解析该人物令人印象深刻的文本原因。     

Microstructural characterization and mechanical behavior analysis of 7075-T6 aluminum subjected to simulated lightning strikes

Aircrafts damages caused by lightning strikes have been known since the early days of aviation. However, the physical effects on the aircraft structure are still being investigated. This work seeks to evaluate the lightning strike effects in the aluminum alloy 7075-T6. Samples were submitted to lightning strike simulation in laboratory and the damages evaluated through characterization techniques. Ultrasound and profilometry tests have shown material loss to 0.272 mm depth in the damaged region. In addition, it was detected the material accumulation occurrence in the damage vicinity of the region. Below the damage, it was found a region where metallurgical changes were identified. The tensile and microhardness tests results have shown reduction in the percentage elongation and hardness increasing in the material affected by lightning. These results are corroborated by the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld Method (red line) that indicated an increasing in dislocation density and micro-deformation in the material matrix. Optical microscopy results have shown the presence of microcracks on the normal and cross-section surface of the samples damaged. The Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) and Electron Backscattered Diffraction Test (EBSD) found coarse intermetallic phases and precipitates compounds with dimensions greater than 1 μm in length. They were responsible for nucleation of the microcracks that propagate along the material grain boundaries.     

Plasma Niobium Surface Alloying of Pure Titanium and its Oxidation at 900 ℃

A niobium-modified layer on pure titanium surface was obtained by means of double glow plasma surface alloying technique. The modified layer was uniform, continuous, compact and well adhered to the substrate. The niobium composition in the modified layer decreased gradually from the surface to the substrate. The oxidation behavior of the niobium-modified layer was investigated and compared with the untreated surface at 900 ℃ for 100 h. Characterization of the layers was performed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The test results show that the oxidation behavior of pure titanium was improved by niobium alloying process. Niobium has a positive influence on the oxidation resistance.     

透波氮化硅纤维的综合性能评价表征研究

系统研究了氮化硅纤维的基本物理性能、力学性能和介电性能,并且探究了各性能的测试方法。结果表明,氮化硅纤维在1 500℃的高温强度保留率达到50%以上,介电常数为6.0左右,说明氮化硅纤维可以作为透波材料在苛刻的高温环境下长时使用。     

面向空间应用的单向微膨胀型热开关特性分析

为了提高探测器等航天器的温度控制精度,降低热波动造成的影响,基于金属的热胀冷缩原理设计了一种单向膨胀型热开关,利用二维稳态导热原理进行建模分析,得到热开关热特性参数。搭建了试验平台模拟热开关工作环境,测定不同功率条件下热开关的工作状态以及相关性能参数。当加热功率为04W时开关断开热阻为23046K/W;功率为30W时开关的导通热阻为03022K/W,开关控制比为7626。结果表明,试验数据与理论计算数据吻合较好,进一步说明了热开关的结构合理性以及适用性。     

碳纳米管在环氧树脂中的分散性

通过调整工艺条件,制得不同分散性的碳管改性环氧树脂,分别采用静置观察法、黏度法、细度法对分散性进行宏观表征。结果表明:碳管的分散性越好,环氧树脂的黏度越大、细度越低、保存时间越长;三种方法均可以表征碳纳米管的分散均匀性;黏度法和细度法可以实现碳管分散性的快速评价,但均需找出具体的评价标准。通过建立刮板细度与碳管分散性的对应关系,可以快速表征碳管的分散性,简便易行。     

高分子纳米复合材料研究进展(Ⅰ)──高分子纳米复合材料的制备、表征和应用前景

综述了高分子纳米复合材料的发展研究现状,将高分子纳米复合材料的制备方法分为四大类：纳米单元与高分子直接共混（内含纳米单元的制备及其表面改性方法）;在高分子基体中原位生成纳米单元;在纳米单元存在下单体分子原位聚合生成高分子及纳米单元和高分子同时生成。介绍了高分子纳米复合材料的表征技术及其应用前景。     

基于纹理合成优化算法的多相非均质材料二维微观结构表征与重建

材料微观结构表征与重建(Microstructure characterization and reconstruction,MCR)可用于建立加工-结构-属性(Processing-Structure-Property,PSP)关系,已成为计算材料学与材料设计的研究重点.通过阈值分割将多相非均质材料的金相照片识别为由...