Microstructure,porosity and mechanical properties of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg

Finite element modeling (FEM), microscopy, X-ray computed tomography (CT) and mechanical property tests were used to study the microstructure, porosity and mechanical properties of an AlSi10Mg alloy produced by selective laser melting (SLM). The simulation of the melt pool and thermal history under different energy densities produced an optimized result with an energy density of 44.5 J·mm⁻³. The high cooling rate during the SLM process significantly refined the previous α-Al dendrites. The growth direction of the network-like Al-Si eutectic structure at different orientations confirmed the anisotropic nature of the microstructure. Furthermore, the microhardness, tensile testing and fracture analysis results proved that there were no obvious distinctions in the strength between the transverse and longitudinal directions, and that the ductility was anisotropic, possibly due to the shape and distribution of the pores. The pores measured by X-ray CT at different energy densities confirmed that the sphericity of the pores was inversely related to pores volumes. With optimized processing conditions, the porosity of the selective laser melted sample decreased leading to the improved fabricated fuel system component via SLM.     

10cm氙离子推力器变推力特性研究

非重力阻尼的连续、快速、高精度补偿是实现重力梯度测量卫星精细重力场测量的关键技术之一,直接影响到整星工程任务的成败。针对重力梯度测量卫星在轨飞行期间对电推进系统宽范围连续变推力能力的应用需求,分析了10cm氙离子推力器推力调节响应特性。在此基础上,通过对阳极电流、励磁电流和阳极流率等推力高敏感响应参量的组合调节,开展了推力调节试验研究,验证了10cm氙离子推力器宽范围连续变推力调节能力,获得了1～20mN范围内的推力调节性能及其变化规律。试验结果表明：在采用地面供电、供气设备条件下,10cm氙离子推力器能够在100～597W的功率范围内实现0.98～20.29mN的推力宽范围调节,比冲175～3500s,推力分辨率优于50μN。研究为建立10cm氙离子电推进系统的推力控制数学模型及调节控制算法奠定基础。     

Zn含量对Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-0.6Zr合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用显微硬度和力学性能测试及金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射等分析手段,研究了Zn含量对Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-0.6Zr合金挤压以及时效处理后合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-0.6Zr合金中添加Zn元素,有利于细化合金晶粒,提高挤压态的强度。未添加Zn的合金T5态晶粒尺寸约为25μm,添加1%(质量分数,下同)Zn后,晶粒尺寸约为15μm,Zn含量为3%时,晶粒尺寸约为10μm。当Zn含量为1%时,合金挤压态和时效态的抗拉强度分别为337MPa,397MPa,屈服强度分别为128MPa,148MPa,伸长率分别为10.0%,5.0%,具有较好的综合性能。     

孪生对热轧AZ31镁合金中低温变形行为的影响

研究了热轧AZ31镁合金板材中低温变形(室温～573K)时孪生所导致的硬化和软化效果,并结合金相显微技术(OM)和透射电子显微技术(TEM)对相关变形机理及孪生类型进行判断。结果发现,有较强基面织构特征的AZ31镁合金板材在室温～573K变形过程中{10ī1}压缩孪晶起主要作用,同时也存在少量的基面滑移。变形温度越高,变形速率越小,孪晶数量也逐渐减少。中低温变形时AZ31镁合金轧制板材中的压缩孪晶和二次孪晶同时起软化作用与硬化作用,但硬化作用大于软化作用。     

Missions to Mercury

Mercury is a very difficult planet to observe from the Earth, and space missions that target Mercury are essential for a comprehensive understanding of the planet. At the same time, it is also difficult to orbit because it is deep inside the Sun’s gravitational well. Only one mission has visited Mercury; that was Mariner 10 in the 1970s. This paper provides a brief history of Mariner 10 and the numerous imaginative but unsuccessful mission proposals since the 1970s for another Mercury mission. In the late 1990s, two missions—MESSENGER and BepiColombo—received the go-ahead; MESSENGER is on its way to its first encounter with Mercury in January 2008. The history, scientific objectives, mission designs, and payloads of both these missions are described in detail.     

不同冶炼工艺对1Cr18Ni10Ti钢夹杂物的影响

通过试验研究了1Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢的4种冶炼工艺:真空感应+电渣重熔、真空感应(陶瓷过滤器)、真空感应(陶瓷过滤器)+电渣重熔、真空感应+真空自耗,得到钢锭中夹杂物的种类、大小以及数量的变化.对比试验结果可知,采用真空感应(陶瓷过滤器)冶炼工艺与真空感应+真空自耗之后的钢锭的夹杂物水平相当,D类夹杂物数量最少,大颗粒夹杂物占比也最小.     

镁合金绿色高效焊接技术研究进展

镁合金是航空航天领域应用最为广泛的轻合金之一.随着镁合金应用的不断深入,对具有高精度、低能耗、高效率特征的绿色焊接技术提出了迫切需求,并成为镁合金焊接制造发展的重要方向.针对上述需求,围绕镁合金激光诱导电弧复合焊接技术,镁合金活性高效焊接技术以及镁合金与异种金属的连接技术展开系统研究.采用激光诱导电弧复合焊接技术成功实现了镁合金低能耗高效焊接制造,与传统电弧焊接相比显著提高了焊接制造效率,降低了焊接制造能耗.采用激光胶焊技术及激光-电弧复合焊接技术实现了镁合金与铝合金及镁合金和钢铁的高性能焊接制造.上述绿色焊接制造技术研究成果为实现航空镁合金轻量化结构件的设计和制造提供了有力支撑.     

镁铝富燃料推进剂燃烧残渣影响因素理论分析

用最小自由能法计算了镁铝富燃料推进剂一次燃烧室产物的成分,分析了凝聚相C、Mg和A l产物含量的变化对燃烧残渣的影响;主要探讨了AP含量、Mg/A l比例、HTPB粘合剂含量、燃烧室压强对凝聚相C、Mg、A l燃烧产物含量的影响。计算结果表明,增加AP含量、设计Mg/A l比小于3/5、减小HTPB粘合剂含量、降低燃烧室压强均能减少凝聚相产物含量,有利于降低燃烧残渣。燃气发生器实验结果表明,Mg/A l比例对燃烧残渣影响的实验数据与理论分析一致。     

Near-infrared study of open clusters Teutsch 10 and Teutsch 25

The astrophysical parameters have been estimated for two unstudied open star clusters Teutsch 10 and Teutsch 25 using the Two Micron All Sky Survey ($2\mathit{MASS}$) database. Radius is estimated as 4.5 arcmin for both clusters using radial density profiles. We have estimated proper motion values in both RA and DEC directions as $2.28\pm 0.3$ and $-0.38\pm 0.11$?mas?yr^?1 for Teutsch 10 and $0.48\pm 0.3$ and $3.35\pm 0.16$?mas?yr^?1 for Teutsch 25 using $\mathit{PPMXL}$¹ catalog. By estimating the stellar membership probabilities, we have identified 30 and 28 most likely members for Teutsch 10 and Teutsch 25 respectively. We have estimated the reddening as $E(B-V)=0.96\pm 0.3$?mag for Teutsch 10 and $0.58\pm 0.2$?mag for Teutsch 25, while the corresponding distances are $2.4\pm 0.2$ and $1.9\pm 0.1$?kpc. Ages of $70\pm 10$?Myr for Teutsch 10 and $900\pm 100$?Myr for Teutsch 25 are estimated using the theoretical isochrones of metallicity Z?=?0.019. The mass function slopes are derived as $1.23\pm 0.30$ and $1.09\pm 0.35$ for Teutsch 10 and Teutsch 25 respectively. Estimated mass function slope for both the clusters are close to the Salpeter value ($x=1.35$) within the errors. Estimated values of dynamical relaxation time are found to be less than cluster’s age for these objects. This concludes that both objects are dynamically relaxed. The possible reason for relaxation may be due to dynamical evolution or imprint of star formation or both.     

3D-Cf / Mg 复合材料的热残余应力研究

采用随动硬化有限元模型,研究了三维碳纤维增强镁基复合材料(3D-Cf/Mg)基体热残余应力的大小、分布以及不同工艺处理对热残余应力的影响。同时,对复合材料进行了高、低温处理,利用XRD定性分析了处理前后复合材料基体热残余应力的变化。计算结果表明:经过-196℃低温处理后,复合材料基体的平均Mises热残余应力由169.06 MPa减小至55.29 MPa;高温处理后,基体平均热残余应力几乎不变。该结果与实验结果吻合,证明了低温处理能明显降低复合材料基体的热残余应力。