Air route network optimization in fragmented airspace based on cellular automata

Air route network optimization,one of the essential parts of the airspace planning,is an effective way to optimize airspace resources,increase airspace capacity,and alleviate air traffic con gestion.However,little has been done on the optimization of air route network in the fragmented airspace caused by prohibited,restricted,and dangerous areas (PRDs).In this paper,an air route network optimization model is developed with the total operational cost as the objective function while airspace restriction,air route network capacity,and non-straight-line factors (NSLF) are taken as major constraints.A square grid cellular space,Moore neighbors,a fixed boundary,together with a set of rules for solving the route network optimization model are designed based on cellular automata.The empirical traffic of airports with the largest traffic volume in each of the 9 flight information regions in mainland China is collected as the origin-destination (OD) air port pair demands.Based on traffic patterns,the model generates 35 air routes which successfully avoids 144 PRDs.Compared with the current air route network structure,the number of nodes decreases by 41.67％,while the total length of flight segments and air routes drop by 32.03％ and 5.82％ respectively.The NSLF decreases by 5.82％ with changes in the total length of the air route network.More importantly,the total operational cost of the whole network decreases by 6.22％.The computational results show the potential benefits of the model and the advantage of the algorithm.Optimization of air route network can significantly reduce operational cost while ensuring operation safety.     

军航活动下扇区动态容量评估研究

民航业迅速发展,空域资源的稀缺性日益凸显。科学合理地评估空域容量是解决空中交通流量瓶颈的关键,同时也为制定流量管理策略提供科学的依据。由于我国体制的特殊性,军航活动一直是我国空域资源限制的重要因素。研究并详细分析军航活动对扇区容量损失作用的机理,定量地评估军航活动对扇区容量的影响,建立军航活动影响下的扇区动态容量评估模型,结论表明模型有一定的参考意义。     

Flight safety measurements of UAVs in congested airspace

Describing spatial safety status is crucial for high-density air traffic involving multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a complex environment. A probabilistic approach is proposed to measure safety situation in congested airspace. The occupancy distribution of the airspace is represented with conflict probability between spatial positions and UAV. The concept of a safety envelope related to flight performance and response time is presented first instead of the conventional fixed-size protected zones around aircraft. Consequently, the conflict probability is performance-dependent, and effects of various UAVs on safety can be distinguished. The uncer-tainty of a UAV future position is explicitly accounted for as Brownian motion. An analytic approximate algorithm for the conflict probability is developed to decrease the computational consumption. The relationship between safety and flight performance are discussed for different response times and prediction intervals. To illustrate the applications of the approach, an experi-ment of three UAVs in formation flight is performed. In addition, an example of trajectory planning is simulated for one UAV flying over airspace where five UAVs exist. The validation of the approach shows its potential in guaranteeing flight safety in highly dynamic environment.     

喷嘴匹配方案及火焰筒开孔对燃烧室性能影响的试验研究

基于航空发动机主燃烧室扇形试验,针对点火喷嘴特性以及火焰筒大孔射流的改变对主燃烧室性能的改善情况进行了研究。试验中进行了点火用喷嘴匹配方案对燃烧室熄火性能,以及火焰筒大孔面积变化对燃烧室贫油熄火、燃烧效率和出口温度场性能影响的研究。研究结果表明：在供油系统设计中采用放大型点火喷嘴可改善主燃烧室贫油熄火性能;增大火焰筒主燃孔的面积可提高燃烧室的燃烧效率,改善出口温度场分布,而贫油熄火特性将变差;增大掺混孔的面积可提高燃烧室的燃烧效率,改善出口温度场分布,拓宽燃烧室的熄火动界．     

基于空中交通管制运行品质的扇区容量评估

扇区容量反映的是扇区空中交通管制运行品质诸多要素综合寻优下的流量水平,目前将扇区管制员工作负荷阈值映射为扇区容量的评估方法存在片面性。为改善扇区容量评估方法,以成都进近南扇为研究实例,采集198组实际运行数据建立样本集,确立了涵盖空中交通流密度、管制运行安全性能、管制运行效率性能及管制员工作负荷等4类因子的管制运行品质量化指标,并基于主成分分析法实现了扇区管制运行品质综合评价,经函数拟合确定扇区容量为29架次/h,新方法更具科学性、客观性。     

Д-30发动机ЭИ868合金扇形块的钎焊修复

针对某Д-30发动机大修对ЭИ868合金(对应于我国的牌号GH3044)扇形块的修复要求,采用真空钎焊的方法对扇形块进行了钎焊补焊。对钎焊补焊的扇形块进行超声波探伤。结果表明,钎缝内部质量满足HB7575-97一级钎焊接头的要求,表明所确定的修复工艺可实现ЭИ868合金扇形块的可靠修复。     

小型磁偏转质谱计性能实验研究

自主研发了小型磁偏转质谱计,并对其质量范围、分辨本领、灵敏度和最小可检分压力四个主要性能指标进行了实验测试和比对。结果表明,该质谱计的质量范围为（1~143）amu,相对N₂的分辨本领为1400,灵敏度为4.2×10^-5 A/Pa,最小可检分压力为9.5×10^-7 Pa。该测试和比对结果为磁偏转质谱计进一步的优化设计和性能提高奠定了重要基础。     

管制扇区的最优划分方法研究

在研究管制员工作负荷的统计方法和描述空域拓扑结构的数学模型的基础上，利用基于自然法则的模拟退火随机优化算法对扇区最优化问题进行求解。并通过对厦门管制区的扇区最优划分实例分析，验证了扇区优化数学理论正确性和使用该算法达到的预期效果。     

The comprehensive aerospace index (CASI): Tracking the economic performance of the aerospace industry

In this paper, we described the Comprehensive AeroSpace Index (CASI), a financial index aimed at representing the economic performance of the aerospace industry. CASI is build upon a data set of approximately 20 years of daily close prices set, from January 1987 to June 2007, from a comprehensive sample of leading aerospace-related companies with stocks negotiated on the New York Exchange (NYSE) and on the over-the-counter (OTC) markets. We also introduced the sub-indices CASI-AERO, for aeronautical segment, and CASI-SAT, for satellite segment, and considered the relation between them. These three indices are compared to others aerospace indices and to more traditional general financial indices like DJIA, S&P500 and Nasdaq. Our results have shown that the CASI is an index that describes very well the aerospace sector behavior, since it is able to reflect the aeronautical segment comportment as well as the satellite one. Therefore, in this sense, it can be considered as a representative index of the aerospace sector. Moreover, the creation of two sub-indices, the CASI-AERO and the CASI-SAT, allows to elucidate capital movements within the aerospace sector, particularly those of speculative nature, like the dot.com bubble and crash of 1998–2001.     

基于改进灰狼优化算法的电子干扰机空域划设

在现代化战争中,遂行突防任务的战斗机通常需要与电子干扰机协同配合,来完成特定的任务。为了更高效地利用空域资源,针对突防作战中干扰机的最优空域划设问题,在给出电子干扰下雷达探测范围、航线安全间隔以及有效干扰时间的基础上,建立电子干扰机的最优空域划设模型;在原始灰狼算法中将线性调节参数改为非线性调节参数,同时引入粒子群算法中的记忆功能,改进原始灰狼算法;并采用改进的灰狼优化算法寻找最优的空域基准点,进而确定电子干扰机的最优空域范围。结果表明:对于特定的突防任务,改进的灰狼优化算法比原始灰狼优化算法和粒子群算法更具优越性,能够快速、高效地找到最优的空域基准点;本文所建立的电子干扰机的最优空域划设模型是科学、有效的。