机载雷达的未来发展

本文从当今机械扫描天线到电子扫描相控阵以及共形“智能蒙皮”的角度，探讨了机载雷达的可能发展趋势，阐明了电子扫描相控阵的运行优点，概述了未来综合射频(RF)传感器的概念，提出了实现这一概念的多项关键技术。     

现代谱分析技术综述

本文综述了最近20年推出的有关离散时序谱分析的新方法。对每个方法所假设的基本时序模型作的分析,构成本文了解各种谱分析方法之间差别的共同基础。所讨论的方法包括经典的周期图法、经典的 Blackman-Tukey 法、自回归(最大熵)法、滑动平均法、自回归滑动平均法、最大似然法、Prony 法和 Pisarenko 法。正文中的一览表对所有方法作了简要的评述,包括基本的参考文献和计算每一谱估计的相应公式     

The Interplanetary Internet: a communications infrastructure for Mars exploration

A strategy is being developed whereby the current set of internationally standardized space data communications protocols can be incrementally evolved so that a first version of an operational "Interplanetary Internet" is feasible by the end of the decade. This paper describes its architectural concepts, discusses the current set of standard space data communications capabilities that exist to support Mars exploration and reviews proposed new developments. We also speculate that these current capabilities can grow to support future scenarios where human intelligence is widely distributed across the Solar System and day-to-day communications dialog between planets is routine.     

Remote sensing of planetary properties and biosignatures on extrasolar terrestrial planets

The major goals of NASA's Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) and the European Space Agency's Darwin missions are to detect terrestrial-sized extrasolar planets directly and to seek spectroscopic evidence of habitable conditions and life. Here we recommend wavelength ranges and spectral features for these missions. We assess known spectroscopic molecular band features of Earth, Venus, and Mars in the context of putative extrasolar analogs. The preferred wavelength ranges are 7-25 microns in the mid-IR and 0.5 to approximately 1.1 microns in the visible to near-IR. Detection of O2 or its photolytic product O3 merits highest priority. Liquid H2O is not a bioindicator, but it is considered essential to life. Substantial CO2 indicates an atmosphere and oxidation state typical of a terrestrial planet. Abundant CH4 might require a biological source, yet abundant CH4 also can arise from a crust and upper mantle more reduced than that of Earth. The range of characteristics of extrasolar rocky planets might far exceed that of the Solar System. Planetary size and mass are very important indicators of habitability and can be estimated in the mid-IR and potentially also in the visible to near-IR. Additional spectroscopic features merit study, for example, features created by other biosignature compounds in the atmosphere or on the surface and features due to Rayleigh scattering. In summary, we find that both the mid-IR and the visible to near-IR wavelength ranges offer valuable information regarding biosignatures and planetary properties; therefore both merit serious scientific consideration for TPF and Darwin.     

毫米波雷达的目标探测系统

为了评估９４ＧＨｚ雷达在全杂波背景中自动检测目标的作用，本文阐述了进行了硬件和系统研制情况，已研制了几种用于野外试验的地基和机载测量雷达。这些系统的复杂性从简单，固态的碰撞雪崩渡越时间（ＩＭＰＡＴＴ）发射机／耿氏组件向具有扫描天线，双接收机和频率捷变的高功率脉冲雷达变化。人们感兴趣的雷达是由低空（３０～６０米）飞行的高速军事飞行器所运载的，且能高概率探测和辨别３公里处活动武装目标群的那种雷达。     

费用-效果分析在空间运输决策支持系统中的应用

低成本空间运输对保证正常扩大利用空间以及维持所需的地面/空间基地后勤支援是非常重要的.介绍了如何建立空间运输决策支持系统.重点介绍如何在该系统中采用费用-效果分析技术和分析程序.其目的是要提供一种计算机化的决策支持系统,使用户能按费用、进度和技术参数等来组成和评审空间运输系统结构.这种系统和用户有很强的交互作用性,能允许用户针对相同的和在变化中的判据来评审/比较多种空间运输系统方案.     

用于恶劣天气条件下飞机着陆的雷达视景合成系统

描述了一种用于在恶劣天气情况下辅助飞机着陆的视景合成系统（ＳＶＳ），该系统由一个扫描毫米波雷达，平显和实时信号处理硬件组成，采用一套快速处理算法来增强和显示图像。该系统已在实际的恶劣天气情况进行了大量的高塔与飞行演示验证。此项工作的重要性在于它验证了系统的整体概念和信号处理算法的新颖性。     

纹波电流对消电路

纹波电流对消技术将等于或相反的正常变换器纹波电流的AC电流注入变换器输出电压母线。理想的输出纹波电流为零，结果能产生超低噪声变换器输出电压。电路几乎不需要其他元件，也不需要有源电路。只需附加一个滤波感应绕组、一个辅助电感器和一个小电容器。电路把改进型滤波电感器的泄漏电感用作全部或一部分所要求的辅助电感。纹波对消与转换频率、占空比和其他变换器参数无关。电路消除了连续传导模式和断续传导模式时的纹波电流。试验结果表明，纹波电流值降低了80X以上。     

Changes in organ perfusion and weight ratios in post-simulated microgravity recovery

Head-down tilt models have been used as ground-based simulations of microgravity. Our previous animal research has demonstrated that there are significant changes in fluid distribution within 2 h after placement in a 45 degrees head-down tilt (45HDT) position and these changes in fluid distribution were still present after 14 days of 45HDT. Consequently, we investigated changes in fluid distribution during recovery from 16 days of 45HDT. Changes in radioactive tracer distribution and organ/body weight ratio were examined in rats randomly assigned to a 45HDT or prone control group. The 45HDT rats were suspended for 16 days and then allowed to recover at the prone position 0, 77, 101, or 125 h post-suspension. Animals were injected with technetium-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (99mTcDTPA, MW=492 amu, physical half-life of 6.02 h) and then killed 30 min post-injection. Lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain were harvested, weighed, and measured for radioactive counts. Statistical analyses included two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) that compared 45HDT versus controls at the four experimental time points. The organ weight divided by the body weight ratio for the brain, heart, kidneys and liver in the 45HDT rats was significantly different than the control rats, regardless of time (treatment). There was no difference between the different time points (time). The average 99mTcDTPA count divided by the organ weight ratio values for the heart, liver, and spleen were significantly higher in the 45HDT group than the control group. The average counts for the heart and spleen were significantly higher at 77, 101, and 125 h than at time zero. We conclude that the major organs have different recovery patterns after 45HDT for 16 days in the rat.