下一代导航星—GPS ⅡF

本文概述了下一代全球定位系统（GPS）的空间和地面部分，详细介绍了GPS Block ⅡF项目，GPS ⅡF项目包括：购买33颗卫星，运行和对新一代GPS卫星的地面控制部分提供支持。该项目采用改进的捕获技术来发展和部署新的导航星，包括保障设备和软件，文章中介绍了GPS导生的信号功率，精度和民用服务等性能的改善，并结合GPS ⅡF系统的适应性，使系统性能得到提高。并对GPS ⅡF的构成进行详细描述。     

The European Astronaut Centre prepares for International Space Station operations

The European Space Agency (ESA) contribution to the International Space Station (ISS) goes much beyond the delivery of hardware like the Columbus Laboratory, its payloads and the Automated Transfer Vehicles. ESA Astronauts will be members of the ISS crew. ESA, according to its commitments as ISS international partner, will be responsible to provide training on its elements and payloads to all ISS crewmembers and medical support for ESA astronauts. The European Astronaut Centre (EAC) in Cologne has developed over more than a decade into the centre of expertise for manned space activities within ESA by contributing to a number of important co-operative spaceflight missions. This role will be significantly extended for ISS manned operations. Apart from its support to ESA astronauts and their onboard operations, EAC will have a key role in training all ISS astronauts on ESA elements and payloads. The medical support of ISS crew, in particular of ESA astronauts has already started. This paper provides an overview on status and further plans in building up this homebase function for ESA astronauts and on the preparation towards Training Readiness for ISS crew training at EAC, Cologne. Copyright 2001 by the European Space Agency. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. Released to IAF/IAA/AIAA to publish in all forms.     

ESA's Biopan 1--"Vitamin" experiment preliminary results

The purpose of “Vitamin” experiment is to study the efficiency of protective substances on three biological acellular systems aqueous solutions exposed to cosmic radiation in space. The first system “LDL”is a low density lipoprotein. The second is “E2-TeBG complexe” in which estradiol (E2) is bound to its plasmatic carrier protein, testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TeBG). The third is “pBR 322”, a plasmid. “Vitamin” experiment was accomodated in the Biopan which had been mounted on the outer surface of a Foton retrievable satellite. The experiment was exposed to space environment during 15 days. A stable temperature of about 20 °C was maintained throughout the flight. “Vitamin” experiment preliminary results are presented and discussed.     

军用通信卫星与信息战

未来的战争将无疑是高技术条件下的信息化战争,信息战中对信息的传输提出了许多特殊的要求.报告依据90年代几次高技术局部战争的经验,论述了卫星通信系统在信息战中信息传输的诸多优势,详细讨论了国外军用卫星通信系统及其通信有效载荷技术的发展现状和特点,探讨了21世纪初期的发展规划、趋势及其需要发展的诸多相关技术.面对未来信息战以及我国周边环境的现状,提出了发展我国军用通信卫星的具体策略.     

Weightlessness: a case history

The facts presented represent, for convenience, a composite clinical picture of the three crewmen aboard Skylab II as observed by me.     

Hydroelectrolytic and hormonal modifications related to prolonged bedrest in antiorthostatic position

The effects of prolonged bedrest in antiorthostatic position (-4 degrees head down) on electrolyte balance were studied in 4 young volunteers. An increase was noted in sodium excretion during the first 4 days. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone varied in parallel manner during the same period. Potassium balance and creatinine clearance were not significantly modified. In light of these data we feel that prolonged bedrest in antiorthostatic position constitutes an effective way to simulate on earth metabolic and hormonal modifications occurring in man under weightlessness conditions.