低速大转矩永磁游标电机在发酵罐中的应用

采用秸秆生产丁醇时,为了达到高效率发酵,需要使发酵液中菌体分布均匀,所加物料需要及时搅拌。工业化生产丁醇的发酵罐尺寸较大,搅拌过程对驱动电机的输出转矩要求较高,因此高效率、小体积、低速大转矩的秸秆发酵搅拌电机对工业化发酵生产丁醇意义重大。设计了一种定转子永磁游标电机用于发酵液搅拌,并对电机的槽极数、电磁性能进行了具体的研究。制造样机并采用滞环控制实现了对液态发酵对象的快速响应,且实现了低能耗、高效率的发酵过程。     

压力管道流固耦合振动特性分析

压力管道系统中存在流体和结构之间的耦合振动。因此,在研究压力管道的动态特性时,应考虑管内流体对管道结构动态特性的影响。本文以某动力系统空间管路为研究对象,采用Galerkin法对导管-流体组成的耦合系统进行有限元离散,建立耦合系统控制方程。在此基础上,用考虑初应力刚度的有限元法,对导管充压前、后的振动特性进行了数值计算,详细分析了流固耦合作用对导管结构振动特性的影响,并与试验结果进行了比较分析。结果表明,流固耦合作用对导管模态振型的影响很小,但对导管各阶固有频率有不同程度的影响。     

GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

一种新型微型杆式超声电机及其驱动原理

提出了一种新型微型杆式超声电机,并对该杆式电机的驱动机理进行了仿真。该电机采用两段金属柱体压紧5片压电陶瓷片作为定子。该定子结构和压电陶瓷片的布局方式可以提高其机电转换效率。为尽量减小定、转子之间的径向滑移以提高摩擦传动效率,电机采用了柔性转子,对原理样机及其微型驱动器进行了性能实验。电机的外径为9mm,长度为15mm,重3.2g。当电机工作在杆式定子的一阶弯曲频率(72kHz)附近时,电机实测最大转速为520r/min,最大输出力矩为4.5mN·m。实验结果表明,该电机具有良好的稳定性,利用频率自动跟踪技术对电机转速进行闭环控制,可以将其转速波动稳定在3%之内。     

微粒子喷丸技术研究进展

微粒子喷丸因其采用的弹丸介质尺寸小,具有强化基体表面并降低表面粗糙度的优点,已成为航空、能源动力等领域中一项重要的表面强化技术。目前对于该技术的研究仍处于对其强化机理的试验论证阶段,还未有完整的理论体系。对微粒子喷丸技术的原理和特点进行了综述,讨论了微粒子喷丸的强化机制,阐述了目前微粒子喷丸技术的研究现状及在各类材料中的应用,并指出了该技术的应用前景。研究各类参数对喷丸效果的影响将是微粒子喷丸发展的主要方向。     

多次返修对锅炉用钢20g焊接接头组织与性能的影响

通过试板度试验,研究了多次返修对锅炉用钢２０ｇ焊接头组织与性能的影响。结果表明,对２０ｇ接头焊缝进行超过３次返修以后,其焊接热影响区的常温冲击韧性ａｋ、接头抗拉强度σｂ以及焊缝金属、     

未知噪声环境方位-俯仰-频率-时延等四维参数联合估计方法

提出一种基于空时扩展虚拟传感器阵列的未知噪声环境下方位、俯仰、多普勒频移和相对时延四维参数联合估计新算法。未知噪声背景下的UN-MUSIC、UN-CLE等算法不易于完成多参数联合估计任务,而UN-ESPRIT算法又需要信号具有空、时域子空间旋转不变特性,对阵列结构要求严格。文中通过对原始数据的时延补偿等处理,利用虚拟数据阵的时移旋转不变特性,经由构建空时扩展波达方向矩阵同时获得诸参数的联合估计。虚拟传感器阵列的理论孔径为物理阵列的数倍,具有在低信噪比、未知分布噪声环境下更强的适应能力;且算法对于物理阵列阵元分布无特殊要求,具有很好的理论和实用价值。理论分析以及计算机仿真都证明了算法的有效性。     

钛制金属贮箱膜片的有限元分析

为了优化钛制金属膜片设计,基于有限变形理论,采用大变形弹塑性有限元方法,对金属膜片的翻转过程进行了数值模拟,分析了膜片结构对其翻转行为的影响。仿真计算结果表明,支撑结构及贮箱内壳体的限位设计是保证半膜实现多次反复平稳翻转的重要部件。通过试验验证了钛制金属膜片的翻转过程。     

两种桨尖形状旋翼模型试验特性对比

本文介绍了一副研制型旋翼模型在CARDC 8m×6m低速风沿的试验概况,给出了两种桨尖形状旋翼模型试验的悬停效率、前飞需用功率、变距拉杆载荷、桨叶载荷及振动特性的对比结果。并对结果进行分析,得出不同桨尖形状对旋翼一些特性的贡献。