超新星与宇宙年龄

超新星与宇宙年龄〔美〕Ｒ．柯施纳○云立中译超新星１９８７Ａ使我们测量宇宙距离的能力受到意料之外的、严格的检验。遥远的恒星和星系看来正远离地球而去，还在分担自宇宙大爆炸开始的宇宙膨胀。如果我们能够测量到一个正在缩小的星系的距离，那么把这个数据与这个星系...     

怎样写好学术论文

首先阐明学术论文的重要性和它的作用，接着主要阐明纲要拟制和反复修改是撰写论文的主要工作；介绍怎样拟制纲要；详细列出纲要所包含的内容及拟制中的要点。作者没有就论文的全文撰写作专门的阐述，只是在拟制纲要的阐述中点拔一二。最后作者提出可从三类参考文献中得到拟定论文的启发。     

运用进化算法优化中等PRF雷达的脉冲重复频率

本文运用进化算法选择最佳脉冲重复频率（PRF）组，在中PRF雷达的模型中使距离-多普勒盲区最小。介绍了8个和9个PRF的两个方案，该算法能确保得到的所有结果是完全可解码的并且没有盲速。我们考虑了旁瓣杂波的详细影响以及在以中等PRF模式运行的实际机载火控雷达中影响雷达PRF选择的多个技术因素。     

交联双基粘合剂催化作用的研究

由美国海军发起,赫克利斯公司和赛奥科尔公司正联合研究一种负催化剂,三苯基铋(TPB)的化学性能,因它与交联双基(XLDB)推进剂的固化有关。测定了酸度(酸强度 pKa 和酸浓度)的作用,确定了活性 TPB 衍生物对酸的稳定性和反应性。研究了水作为催化剂可能的减活化剂的影响。另外,除了酸度能导致活化,还发现过氧化氢也能使 TPB 活化。PGA 的空气氧化是过氧化氢可能的来源,使用付利叶变换的红外光谱(FTIR)测定了推进剂组分对 TPB 催化的异氰酸酯——醇反应的延滞时间和固化速率的影响。     

现代谱分析技术综述

本文综述了最近20年推出的有关离散时序谱分析的新方法。对每个方法所假设的基本时序模型作的分析,构成本文了解各种谱分析方法之间差别的共同基础。所讨论的方法包括经典的周期图法、经典的 Blackman-Tukey 法、自回归(最大熵)法、滑动平均法、自回归滑动平均法、最大似然法、Prony 法和 Pisarenko 法。正文中的一览表对所有方法作了简要的评述,包括基本的参考文献和计算每一谱估计的相应公式     

用于大型固体推进剂火箭发动机的独特点火系统试验

本文介绍了用于大型固体推进剂火箭发动机的组合式无喷管、无壳体点火器方案的设计、分析及试验结果。该点火方案的主要优点是可以把60%左右的点火器消极重量变成药柱有效载荷。点火系统的主装药由点火器周围的发动机前段装药所构成。这段装药又是发动机推进剂药柱的一部分,设计成象一个小的低压无喷管火箭发动机,给主发动机推进剂段提供足够的压力和热流输出以实现发动机点火。前段推进剂的点火由一个比较小的径向排气的BKNO_3烟火剂药片点火器来实现。试验计划需验证三个方面的设计问题:     

Production of neutrons from interactions of GCR-like particles

In order to help assess the risk to astronauts due to the long-term exposure to the natural radiation environment in space, an understanding of how the primary radiation field is changed when passing through shielding and tissue materials must be obtained. One important aspect of the change in the primary radiation field after passing through shielding materials is the production of secondary particles from the breakup of the primary. Neutrons are an important component of the secondary particle field due to their relatively high biological weighting factors, and due to their relative abundance, especially behind thick shielding scenarios. Because of the complexity of the problem, the estimation of the risk from exposure to the secondary neutron field must be handled using calculational techniques. However, those calculations will need an extensive set of neutron cross section and thicktarget neutron yield data in order to make an accurate assessment of the risk. In this paper we briefly survey the existing neutron-production data sets that are applicable to the space radiation transport problem, and we point out how neutron production from protons is different than neutron production from heavy ions. We also make comparisons of one the heavy-ion data sets with Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) calculations.     

Goals and preparation method for ground operations for the manned space flight Altair

The mission's success fully depends on the Payload Operations conducted during the space flight. The Ground Team has to be trained to assist the Space Crew, to replan the cosmonaut's activities when contingengies occurr onboard and to change or cancel Payload activities when required. In order to act efficiently during the mission, the Ground Team must be prepared in advance of the flight and able to operate special tools for tracking the mission's progress, anticipating problems and taking decisions in realtime.

This document sets out the approach for conducting such a preparation for Ground Operation. It will be focused on the Altaïr mission performed in July 1993 onboard the Russian Mir space station.