机动目标跟踪的非线性IMM算法

在目标跟踪时，测量噪声通常假定为高斯状，然而这种假设不一定正确，噪声有可能是非高斯型的。在雷达系统中出现的非高斯噪声被认为是闪烁噪声，闪烁噪声呈长尾形分布，此分布将严重影响跟踪性能。现已发展一种新的算法，可以在闪烁环境下有效地跟踪机动目标。该算法将非线性Ｍａｓｒｅｌｉｅｚ滤波器引入交互式多模型方法中。我们用模拟试验来验证新算法的优越性。     

Implementing human factors training in technical operations and maintenance

The author reports experience with design of human factors training for aircraft engineering operations and maintenance. The program was based on five principles: observable skills-based training; integration with policies, practices, and procedures; data-driven and performance focused material; training needs fit organizational and national cultures; and training must be useful and beneficial.     

Structured methods for identifying and correcting potential human errors in space operations

Human performance plays a significant role in the development and operation of any complex system, and human errors are significant contributors to degraded performance, incidents, and accidents for technologies as diverse as medical systems, commercial aircraft, offshore oil platforms, nuclear power plants, and space systems. To date, serious accidents attributed to human error have fortunately been rare in space operations. However, as flight rates go up and the duration of space missions increases, the accident rate could increase unless proactive action is taken to identity and correct potential human errors in space operations. The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) has developed and applied structured methods of human error analysis to identify potential human errors, assess their effects on system performance, and develop strategies to prevent the errors or mitigate their consequences. These methods are being applied in NASA-sponsored programs to the domain of commercial aviation, focusing on airplane maintenance and air traffic management. The application of human error analysis to space operations could contribute to minimize the risks associated with human error in the design and operation of future space systems.     

高熵陶瓷:吸波材料设计新策略北大核心CSCD

微波技术的进步促进了电磁防护技术的发展。吸波材料可以将过剩的电磁辐射以热量形式耗散,因此受到了广泛关注。面对复杂的电磁环境,寻找在1~18 GHz频段内兼具强吸收和宽频吸收性能的吸波材料具有重要意义。目前,吸波材料的设计方法主要包括制备纳米复相材料和掺杂改性。通过将介电损耗型和磁损耗型的材料在纳米尺度复合可以实现两种损耗机制的耦合,但制备工艺复杂、纳米填料分散性难以精确控制、高温热稳定性及抗氧化性差等问题是制约纳米复相材料应用的主要因素。超高温陶瓷具有高温热稳定性及抗氧化性好等优点,但阻抗匹配差使其难以作为吸波材料应用。通过设计和制备含有磁性组元的高熵陶瓷可以使超高温陶瓷材料兼具宽频吸收和强吸收的高效吸波性能。采用高熵设计方法可以同时调节导电性和增强磁损耗能力,为导电性良好的介电型吸波材料提供了调控阻抗匹配的新思路。     

机动管线气顶排空过程持液率特性的实验研究

根据钢质机动管线的结构特点,利用空气和水具有不同介电常数的性质,设计制作了双丝电容探针持液率检测装置,并用该装置对排空过程中管内的持液率进行了实测。实验发现,双丝电容探针对钢制机动管线的持液率变化敏感,可用于管线截面持液率的测量,并可通过持液率判断排空过程的主要流型。另外,管内的持液率与排气量和气压力密切相关,排气量越大,管内越容易形成段塞,且段塞内部的持液率较低,管内的平均含气率较高。相反,排气压力越大,管内出现段塞的频率和数量越少,且段塞内部的持液率较高,说明较大的排气压力可以提高管内的平均持液率,有利于接力泵的连续工作,提高排空速度。     

Development of Skylab medical equipment and flight preparations

The purpose of this report is to provide an introduction and overview of the Skylab medical program. Some of the more important medical systems and equipment provided for crew sustenance are described. The major inflight medical experiments are reviewed, and the test programs are discussed. The medical operations procedures and the techniques used to monitor crew health are reviewed to provide an understanding of the medical management of this complex mission.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金表面激光制备高温耐蚀涂层的研究

以在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面激光制备高温耐蚀涂层为目标,研究了以激光熔覆的方法在Ti-6Al-4V合金基体上合成制备钛铝化物基原位自生TiC颗粒增强的复合材料涂层以及钛-钼系耐蚀钛合金涂层,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计等分析了两种涂层的形貌、显微组织、相组成、显微硬度分布等特征.