Impact of rain on wave retrieval from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images in tropical cyclones

The main objective of our work was to investigate the impact of rain on wave observations from C-band (~5.3 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in tropical cyclones. In this study, 10 Sentinel-1 SAR images were available from the Satellite Hurricane Observation Campaign, which were taken under cyclonic conditions during the 2016 hurricane season. The third-generation wave model, known as Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) (version 41.31), was used to simulate the wave fields corresponding to these Sentinel-1 SAR images. In addition, rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite passing over the spatial coverage of the Sentinel-1 SAR images were collected. The simulated results were validated against significant wave heights (SWHs) from the Jason-2 altimeter and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data, revealing a root mean square error (RMSE) of ~0.5 m with a 0.25 scatter index. Winds retrieved from the VH-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR images using the Sentinel-1 Extra Wide-swath Mode Wind Speed Retrieval Model after Noise Removal were taken as prior information for wave retrieval. It was discovered that rain did indeed affect the SAR wave retrieval, as evidenced by the 3.21-m RMSE of SWHs between the SAR images and the SWAN model, which was obtained for the ~1000 match-ups with raindrops. The raindrops dampened the wave retrieval when the rain rate was < ~5 mm/hr; however, they enhanced wave retrieval for higher rain rates. It was also found that the portion of the rain-induced ring wave with a wave number > 0.05 rad/m (~125 m wavelength) was clearly observed in the SAR-derived wave spectra.     

电铸镍Wolter I型光学系统制造技术发展综述

摘要： 为满足未来脉冲星导航和空间天文观测任务对X射线望远镜的载荷需求，Wolter I光学系统的研制正逐渐成为新的研究热点，电铸镍方案是当前国内外X射线光学系统镜筒制造的主要技术方案.文章对电铸镍X射线光学系统制造工艺、国内外研制现状、未来应用需求进行了介绍和整理，梳理了电铸镍X射线光学系统研制遇到的关键技术和难点，提出了后续研究发展建议，以促进中国在 X射线脉冲星自主导航、空间探测领域的快速发展.     

液体火箭发动机协同设计平台关键技术

针对液体火箭发动机协同设计工程实际需求,围绕研制数据高效流转与协同,面向产品全生命周期跨地域、跨专业特点,提出了协同设计平台框架。针对协同平台中的5项关键技术,给出了相应解决途径。基于PLM系统构建协同环境,建立统一编码,整合研制过程中的标准件、原材料等共性基础数据;通过基于MBD的三维结构设计,采用MBSE理念,以模型为载体升级发动机设计流程;采用线上IPT模式提升产品设计效率,同时实现全过程数据记录知识累积。采用BOM结构组织和展示不同设计阶段形成的数据;基于Hadoop平台分布式数据存储模式,实现结构化和非结构化数据综合管理。通过工程实践验证表明,构建的协同平台实现了基于数字化模型的设计工艺定制化协同,科研生产全过程的信息整合和多维度监控,促进了业务流程持续优化和研制效率不断提升,支撑发动机研制模式的转型升级。     

PDM技术及其在直升机研制中的作用

本文首先分析了当前直升机在运用CAD/CAE/CAM技术进行研制中存在的一些问题,接着提供了解决的方法,介绍了PDM的概念、构成、主要功能。最后简述了PDM技术在直升机研制中的作用,以及企业在实施PDM当中应注意的一些问题。     

The role of DNA repair on cell killing by charged particles.

It can be noted that it is not simple double strand breaks (dsb) but the non-reparable breaks that are associated with high biological effectiveness in the cell killing effect for high LET radiation. Here, we have examined the effectiveness of fast neutrons and low (initial energy = 12 MeV/u) or high (135 MeV/u) energy charged particles on cell death in 19 mammalian cell lines including radiosensitive mutants. Some of the radiosensitive lines were deficient in DNA dsb repair such as LX830, M10, V3, and L5178Y-S cells and showed lower values of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for fast neutrons if compared with their parent cell lines. The other lines of human ataxia-telangiectasia fibroblasts, irs 1, irs 2, irs 3 and irs1SF cells, which were also radiosensitive but known as proficient in dsb repair, showed moderated RBEs. Dsb repair deficient mutants showed low RBE values for heavy ions. These experimental findings suggest that the DNA repair system does not play a major role against the attack of high linear energy transfer (LET) radiations. Therefore, we hypothesize that a main cause of cell death induced by high LET radiations is due to non-reparable dsb, which are produced at a higher rate compared to low LET radiations.     

Austrian dose measurements onboard space station MIR and the International Space Station--overview and comparison.

The Atominstitute of the Austrian Universities has conducted various space research missions in the last 12 years in cooperation with the Institute for Biomedical Problems in Moscow. They dealt with the exact determination of the radiation hazards for cosmonauts and the development of precise measurement devices. Special emphasis will be laid on the last experiment on space station MIR the goal of which was the determination of the depth distribution of absorbed dose and dose equivalent in a water filled Phantom. The first results from dose measurements onboard the International Space Station (ISS) will also be discussed. The spherical Phantom with a diameter of 35 cm was developed at the Institute for Biomedical Problems and had 4 channels where dosimeters can be exposed in different depths. The exposure period covered the timeframe from May 1997 to February 1999. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were exposed inside the Phantom, either parallel or perpendicular to the hull of the spacecraft. For the evaluation of the linear energy transfer (LET), the high temperature ratio (HTR) method was applied. Based on this method a mean quality factor and, subsequently, the dose equivalent is calculated according to the Q(LET infinity) relationship proposed in ICRP 26. An increased contribution of neutrons could be detected inside the Phantom. However the total dose equivalent did not increase over the depth of the Phantom. As the first Austrian measurements on the ISS dosimeter packages were exposed for 248 days, starting in February 2001 at six different locations onboard the ISS. The Austrian dosimeter sets for this first exposure on the ISS contained five different kinds of passive thermoluminescent dosimeters. First results showed a position dependent absorbed dose rate at the ISS.     

国内家用空调市场面临的挑战及对策分析

全面分析了国内家用空调市场所面临的困境与挑战;从市场细分的角度,有针对性的对国内家用空调业界在城镇市场、乡村市场、国际市场、高端市场应如何作为进行了思考,提出了具体的对策,提出了空调常态市场的概念。     

安徽省中小企业技术创新障碍与对策

中小企业对国家和地区的经济发展、社会稳定起着重要的作用.技术创新是企业发展的核心动力.中小企业要获得生存与发展,就必须持续地进行技术创新.安徽省中小企业的技术创新由于基础薄、起步晚,正面临创新主体错位、创新模式不当、信息化水平低、服务体系不完善等重重障碍.文章认为完善融资体系和技术创新服务体系、选择适当的技术创新模式以及加快培育中小企业集群式创新是推动安徽省中小企业技术创新、实现跨越式发展的有效路径.