A comparative and numerical study of effects of gravity waves in small miss-distance and miss-time GPS radio occultation temperature profiles

The Global Positioning System (GPS) Radio Occultation (RO) technique has global coverage and is capable of generating high vertical resolution temperature profiles of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with sub-Kelvin accuracy and long-term stability, regardless of weather conditions. In this work, we take advantage of the anomalously high density of occultation events at the eastern side of the highest Andes Mountains during the initial mission months of COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate). This region is well-known for its high wave activity. We choose to study two pairs of GPS RO, both containing two occultations that occurred close in time and space. One pair shows significant differences between both temperature profiles. Numerical simulations with a mesoscale model were performed, in order to understand this discrepancy. It is attributed to the presence of a horizontal inhomogeneous structure caused by gravity waves.     

童话之城——哥本哈根

哥本哈根位于波罗的海和北海之间的厄勒海峡西岸,集聚着充满童话气质的古堡与皇宫、乡村与庄园。不论是沉淀了古老历史的还是延续着皇族传奇的各类建筑,都鳞次栉比地坐落在这里。哥本哈根融合了古典与现代的艺术气息,阿肯艺术中心、路易斯安娜博物馆、国家博物馆、丹麦国家美术馆等众多艺术博物馆各领风骚。富有皇族气质的哥本哈根,贯穿着全年度的各种主题节庆,令狂欢从夏季一直延续到冬季。最著名的莫过于哥本哈根国际爵士音乐节,在每年7月将持续整整10天,着实是不容错过的年度盛会!     

游走在日不落都城

赫尔辛基面临芬兰湾,位于北欧最深处的港口,同时濒临波罗的海,是一座古典美与现代文明融为一体的都市,既体现出欧洲古城的浪漫情调,又充满国际化大都市的韵味。而且她又是一座都市建筑与自然风光巧妙结合在一起的花园城。在大海的衬托下,无论夏日     

回眸,“小美人鱼”在清澈的海水边

哥本哈根市东北部的长堤海滨上,青铜雕塑的"小美人鱼"形同真人,娴雅地坐在浸入蔚蓝色海水中的巨大花岗石上,长发披肩,优郁地凝视着大海,浑身散发着为爱情而自我牺牲的高贵气质……     

A gravity wave analysis near to the Andes Range from GPS radio occultation data and mesoscale numerical simulations: Two case studies

Global maps of potential wave energy per unit mass, recently performed with the Global Positioning System (GPS) Radio Occultation (RO) technique and different satellite missions (CHAMP and SAC-C since 2001, GRACE and COSMIC since 2006) revealed in Argentina, at the eastern side of the highest Andes Mountains, a considerable wave activity (WA) in comparison with other extra-tropical regions. The main gravity wave (GW) sources in this natural laboratory are deep convection (mainly during late Spring and Summer), topographic forcing and geostrophic adjustment.     

赫尔辛基大教堂经典的城市故事

站在大教堂高高的台阶上望着阳光穿过云层普照整个城市内心有着某种触动是上帝宠爱她吧虽然古老,她却始终充满活力…     

GTCP131-9A辅助动力装置性能参数换算公式研究

对GTCP131-9A辅助动力装置（APU）性能参数（排气温度和燃油流量）换算公式展开研究。提出了一种研究燃气轮机相似性的通用方法。采用这种方法得出了构成该单转子定轴燃气轮机相似的充分条件是需要有3个相互独立的相似准则数相等,这3个相似准则数可以是飞行马赫数、折合转速、折合功率,其他相似参数是这3个相似准则数的函数。根据该发动机相似性,采用小偏差法,给出了试车过程中存在的排气附加阻力、燃油热值偏差和功率偏差的性能参数的小偏差修正方程。结果表明:在输出功率和大气压力比值为定值的条件下,GTCP131-9A辅助动力装置性能参数换算公式是进气总温多项式与排气附加阻力修正项、燃油热值变化修正项、功率变化修正项之和。      

考虑磁滞效应的电抗器二维电磁场计算

将JA模型与电磁场数值分析方法相结合,在考虑铁心的磁滞效应的情况下,推导出电磁场的有限元计算模型。分别采用基本磁化曲线和磁滞回线两种不同的方法对电抗器的电磁场进行仿真计算。研究结果表明磁滞现象对电抗器电磁场的计算影响较大,因此考虑磁滞效应的电磁场数值计算模型,为进一步研究电抗器的发热问题奠定了理论基础。     

冲击韧性与断裂韧性间关系的探讨

 材料常规冲击试验的冲击韧性(αK)是工程上五大机械性能指标之一,已沿用多年,但一直没有明确的物理意义。本文利用近代发展的可测载荷-挠度曲线的冲击试验机,将测得实验结果区分为弹性变形功、塑性变形功、裂纹形成功与裂纹扩展功。据此明确了材料受冲击负荷时应力-应变的变化过程;同时,建立了断裂性能与冲击性能之间的关系,找到一种表征冲击负荷下材料断裂韧性的度量方法。     

Evaluation of uncertainty in gravity wave potential energy calculations through GPS radio occultation measurements

The application of the Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) method to the atmosphere enables the determination of height profiles of temperature, among other variables. From these measurements, gravity wave activity is usually quantified by calculating the potential energy through the integration of the ratio of perturbation and background temperatures between two given altitudes in each profile. The uncertainty in the estimation of wave activity depends on the systematic biases and random errors of the measured temperature, but also on additional factors like the selected vertical integration layer and the separation method between background and perturbation temperatures. In this study, the contributions of different parameters and variables to the uncertainty in the calculation of gravity wave potential energy in the lower stratosphere are investigated and quantified. In particular, a Monte Carlo method is used to evaluate the uncertainty that results from different GPS RO temperature error distributions. In addition, our analysis shows that RO data above 30 km height becomes dubious for gravity waves potential energy calculations.