AZ31B变形镁合金激光-MIG复合焊焊接组织和性能分析

采用激光-MIC复合焊对10mm厚的AZ31B变形镁合金进行焊接.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等手段分析了焊接接头的外观和截面特征、显微组织、元素分布、焊缝物相和断口形貌等,并检测了接头区域硬度和接头强度.试验结果表明:采用激光-MIG复合焊能获得成形美观的焊缝,无明显的缺陷;焊缝热影响最大宽度位于激光区,约为100μm,焊缝组织为15～25μm的等轴晶粒;相比于母材,焊缝区的镁元素出现烧损,铝和锰元素的比例有一定增加;焊缝区主要为Mg,Al和少量的MgO相.焊接接头硬度值较均匀;焊缝抗拉强度达到222MPa,断口形貌为混合断裂断口.     

EB-PVD制备箔材的厚度均匀性研究

从真空蒸镀中使用的小平面蒸发源理论出发,针对电子束物理气相沉积中为改善箔材厚度分布所须旋转大基板进行蒸镀的情况,建立了该过程的数学模型;并利用该模型对不同的坩埚位置所沉积的箔材厚度进行了定性分析,从而实现了对坩埚与基板相对位置的优化,使基板上沉积的箔材厚度分布可以达到最均匀的状态.最后通过K值的提出使理论和实际箔材厚度的结果趋于一致,即证明所建立的数学模型是合理的.     

Combustion Synthesis of h-BN-SiC Ceramic Composites

The feasibility was demonstrated to fabricate h-BN-SiC ceramics through combustion synthesis of the mixture of boron carbide and silicon powders under 100 MPa nitrogen pressure. The mass fraction of BN and SiC in the combustion products were found to be 72 % and 28 % respectively. The thermodynamics of the synthesis reaction and the adiabatic combustion temperature were calculated on the theoretical ground. The bending strengths of the ceramics were measured to be 65.2 MPa at room temperature and 55 MPa at 1350 ℃. The phase composition and microstructure of the combustion products were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

新型ARMOR热防护系统

热防护系统是保证航天运载器安全、快捷、经济飞行的关键技术之一。在经历了C／C与陶瓷基复合材料等热防护结构后，一种新型的热防护系统应运而生-ARMOR(Adaptable，Robust，Metallic，Operable，Reusable)热防护系统(TPS)。ARMORTPS是一种可适应的、坚固的、金属性的、可操作的、可重复使用的新型热防护系统。它具有易于安装、使用寿命(耐久能力)长、材料的兼容性好、维修时间短等许多特点，是RLV的重要的候选热防护系统之一。本文介绍了热防护系统的发展现状和要求。着重介绍了ARMORTPS的基本结构，连接方式和密封方法等特点。目前ARMORTPS外面板采用的材料为inconel617等材料．未来热防护系统外面板的候选材料为．γ～TiAl和微叠层等材料。最后总结了ARMOR TPS的优点。     

轴编C/C复合材料组分材料有效性能

利用光学显微镜观测和测量轴编C/C复合材料细观编织结构及其尺寸,建立轴编C/C复合材料有限元模型,通过给出组分材料有效性能的变化区间,构造组分材料性能与轴编C/C复合材料宏观有效性能的对应关系,利用径向基函数(RBF)人工神经网络(ANN)方法,对该高度非线性的对应关系进行训练,通过轴编C/C复合材料宏观实验结果,预报其组分材料的有效性能。结果表明,轴编C/C复合材料面内弹性性能基本相同,在测量时可忽略面内纤维束铺设方向的影响;人工神经网络对训练样本有一定的依赖性,但通过多次随机构造样本训练网络,可得到理想的预测结果,且人工神经网络方法具有很好的容错性,能很好地预报轴编C/C复合材料组分材料的有效性能。     

EB-PVD制备γ-TiAl基合金薄板的研究

采用一种新型的制备工艺--电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)技术,成功制备了尺寸为150mm×100mm×0.4mm的γ-TiAl基合金薄板,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)等测试手段对蒸镀态及热处理态试样的物相组成和断口形貌等进行分析.结果表明,蒸镀态γ-TiAl基合金薄板由γ相、α2相和τ相组成,表面质量良好,内部自然分层,显微组织结构为柱状晶.经1000℃/16h的真空退火处理后,柱状晶转变为等轴晶,τ相消失,α2相含量显著减少,同时有消除分层现象的趋势,材料的断裂方式由沿晶脆性断裂转变为沿晶脆性断裂和韧窝韧性断裂的混合断裂方式.     

Study on the Anisotropy of Meniscus in the Growing Sapphire

This study is aimed at predicting the relationship between the meniscus and the quality of the sapphire crystals produced by the micro-pulling and shoulder at cooled center (SAPMIC) technique. As with different orientations, the shapes of the meniscus vary, so an investigation into the anisotropy of the meniscus shapes is very important for the final quality of the sapphire crystal. An effective model to describe meniscus shapes and their formation process has been presented. The model has been applied to a sapphire crystal of 200 mm diameter in order to check its reliability. The results show that the model proves to be useful for forecasting the final shapes of the sap-phire crystal made by the SAPMIC technique.     

Study on Inclusions in Large Sapphire Optical Crystal Grown by SAPMAC Method

The sapphire (Al2O3) single crystal is a kind of excellent infrared transmission window materials. A large-sized sapphire (Φ225 mm×205 mm, 27.5 kg) was grown by SAPMAC method (sapphire growth technique with micro-pulling and shoulder-expanding at cooled center). Several kinds of inclusion in the large sapphire crystal were investigated by means of an optical microscopy (OM), scan-ning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The experimental results show that most inclusions are consisted of solid metallic and non-metallic particles as well as gas pores caused by the impurity of alumina as the raw material, the thermal dissociation of aluminum oxide melt and the reaction of the melt to the crucible material (Mo) at high temperatures. It is also found that in different crystal regions the inclusions are of varied sizes, morphology and chemical compositions. Finally, the measures to reduce and eliminate the inclusions are proposed to improve the crystal quality.     

Research on Ultrasonic Vibration Grinding of the Hard and Brittle Materials

It is well known that grinding techniques are main methods to machine hard and brittle materials such as engineering ceramics. But the conventional grinding has many shortcomings such as poorer surface finish,quicker wear and tear of grinding tools,lower effi-ciency and so on. Ultrasonic vibration grinding (UVG) which combines ultrasonic machining and grinding emerged as a developing and promising technique in recent years. In this paper,experimental studies on UVG were conducted on several kinds of hard and brittle material by altering processing parameters such as vibration frequency and its amplitude,diamond abrasive grit size,cutting depth,feeding speed and rotary speed of tools. The experimental results show that alteration in any of above mentioned parameters will bring effects on the processed surface finish of these materials. Of them,the diamond abrasive grit size has the greatest. Moreover,conven-tional grinding experiments were also carried out on these materials. By comparison,it was found that the UVG is superior to the con-ventional method in terms of the ground surface quality,the working efficiency and the wear rate of tools.     

Design and Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Silicon Carbide Primary Mirror Assembly

Based on the principle that the thermal expansion coefficient of the support structure should match that of the mirror, three schemes of primary mirror assembly were designed. Of them, the first is fused silica mirror plus 4J32 flexible support plus ZTC4 sup-port back plate, the second K9 mirror plus 4J45 flexible support plus ZTC4 support back plate, and the third SiC mirror plus SiC rigid support back plate. A coupled thermo-mechanical analysis of the three primary mirror assemblies was made with finite element method. The results show that the SiC assembly is the best of all schemes in terms of their combination properties due to its elimination of the thermal expansion mismatch between the materials. The analytical results on the cryogenic property of the SiC primary mirror assembly show a higher surface finish of the SiC mirror even under the cryogenic condition.