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The Role and Contributions of Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Imaging in Magnetospheric Substorm Research 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pollock C.J. C:son-Brandt P. Burch J.L. Henderson M.G. Jahn J.-M. McComas D.J. Mende S.B. Mitchell D.G. Reeves G.D. Scime E.E. Skoug R.M. Thomsen M. Valek P. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,109(1-4):155-182
Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) imaging has contributed substantially to substorm research. This technique has allowed significant advances in areas such as observation and quantification of injected particle drift as a function of energy, observation of dynamics in the tail that are directly related to the effects of imposed (growth phase) and induced (expansion phase) electric fields on the plasma, the prompt extraction of oxygen from the ionosphere during substorms, the relationship between storms and substorms, and the timing of substorm ENA signatures. We present discussion of the advantages and shortcomings of the ENA technique for studying space plasmas. Although the technique is in its infancy, it is yielding results that enrich our understanding of the substorm process and its effects. 相似文献
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Mitchell Donald G. C:son Brandt Pontus Roelof Edmond C. Hamilton Douglas C. Retterer Kyle C. Mende Steven 《Space Science Reviews》2003,109(1-4):63-75
The magnetospheric O+ population in the 52–180 keV range during storms is investigated through the analysis of energetic neutral atom (ENA) images. The images are obtained from the high energy neutral atom (HENA) imager onboard the IMAGE satellite. At each substorm onset following the commencement of a geomagnetic storm the oxygen ENA display ~30 min intense bursts. Only very weak corresponding features in the 60–119 keV hydrogen ENA can be occasionally seen. The dominating fraction of the oxygen ENA emissions are produced when O+ ions mirror/precipitate at low altitudes, where the number density of the neutral atmosphere is high. During the storm we observed several bursts of oxygen ENA, but it is still not clear how much the O+ content of the ring current increases during the storm main phase. Our observations suggest that the responsible injection mechanism is mass-dependent and scatters the pitch angles. This leads us to favor a non-adiabatic mechanism proposed by (Delcourt, 2002). 相似文献
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R.?A.?KayumovEmail author I.?Z.?Mukhamedova E.?B.?Tuisina 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2016,59(4):452-459
This paper considers a beam with a technological longitudinal section on the level of the gravity center of the cross section that is loaded by a vertical concentrated force. We study the structure durability depending on the load amplitude and the initial crack length. 相似文献
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A.?E.?Remizov V.?V.?Vyatkov V.?A.?LebedevEmail author 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2016,59(4):559-564
Methods to control flow have been considered in order to reduce end losses in blade rows of GTE gas turbines by means of measures taken at the design stage. 相似文献
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In the paper, the problem of designing interplanetary trajectories with several swing-bys and deep-space maneuvers is solved using the method of virtual trajectories developed by the authors. The algorithms for the calculation of both heliocentric and planetocentric trajectory arcs are presented, including the case of resonant trajectories. The results of applying the method of virtual trajectories to the problem of designing an interplanetary transfer to Jupiter are given and compared with the baseline trajectories for the Juno, Europa Clipper, and Laplace missions. 相似文献
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The simplest version of the method of detecting the single molecular scattering field based on the polarization measurements of the twilight sky background by all-sky cameras has been considered. The method can be used during transitive twilight (with solar zenith angles of 94°–98°), when effective single scattering occurs in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The long-term measurements conducted using this method in the Moscow region and Apatity make it possible to determine the temperature of these atmospheric layers and estimate the contribution and properties of multiple scattering during the transitive twilight. 相似文献
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The results of numerical solution of the wave equations for the oblique incidence of whistling electromagnetic waves upon the night ionosphere from above have been obtained and analyzed. In the studied region of altitudes, within the wavelength scale, charged particle concentration varies drastically, and damping caused by collisions between the charged and neutral particles decreases considerably. Below, the sharp lower boundary of the ionosphere, the refractive index of the whistler wave approaches unity, and plasma turbulence transform into atmospheric electromagnetic waves. The dependences of the whistler reflection factor are found in terms of energy and horizontal magnetic component of the electromagnetic wave near the Earth’s surface on the frequency and the wave vector transverse component for the plain-layered medium model at two values of latitude. Strong dependences have been found on the wave angle of incidence and frequency. At rather small angles of incidence, the wave disturbances reach the Earth’s surface, and the module of reflection coefficient logarithm is in the range of 0.4–1. At large angles of incidence, the reflection coefficient module varies over a wide range depending on specific conditions. The obtained results explain the absence of oscillation modes of plasma magnetosphere maser in the night magnetosphere. 相似文献