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Layne CS Lange GW Pruett CJ McDonald PV Merkle LA Mulavara AP Smith SL Kozlovskaya IB Bloomberg JJ 《Acta Astronautica》1998,43(3-6):107-119
The precise neuromuscular control needed for optimal locomotion, particularly around heel strike and toe off, is known to he compromised after short duration (8- to 15-day) space flight. We hypothesized here that longer exposure to weightlessness would result in maladaptive neuromuscular activation during postflight treadmill walking. We also hypothesized that space flight would affect the ability of the sensory-motor control system to generate adaptive neuromuscular activation patterns in response to changes in visual target distance during postflight treadmill walking. Seven crewmembers, who completed 3- to 6-month missions, walked on a motorized treadmill while visually fixating on a target placed 30 cm (NEAR) or 2 m (FAR) from the subject's eyes. Electronic foot switch data and surface electromyography were collected from selected muscles of the right lower limb. Results indicate that the phasic features of neuromuscular activation were moderately affected and the relative amplitude of activity in the tibialis anterior and rectus femoris around toe off changed after space flight. Changes also were evident after space flight in how these muscles adapted to the shift in visual target distance. 相似文献
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Human factors aspects of flight simulation design at McDonnell Douglas are considered. Modeling approaches are examined and testing with pilots and cockpits is described. 相似文献
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Layne CS Mulavara AP Pruett CJ McDonald PV Kozlovskaya IB Bloomberg JJ 《Acta Astronautica》1998,42(1-8):231-246
The purpose of this study was to determine whether applying foot pressure to unrestrained subjects during space flight could enhance the neuromuscular activation associated with rapid arm movements. Four men performed unilateral arm raises while wearing--or not wearing--specially designed boots during a 81- or 115-day space flight. Arm acceleration and surface EMG were obtained from selected lower limb and trunk muscles. Pearson r coefficients were used to evaluate similarity in phasic patterns between the two in-flight conditions. In-flight data also were magnitude normalized to the mean voltage value of the muscle activation waveforms obtained during the no-foot-pressure condition to facilitate comparison of activation amplitude between the two in-flight conditions. Foot pressure enhanced neuromuscular activation and somewhat modified the phasic features of the neuromuscular activation during the arm raises. 相似文献
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天地分布智能化大系统分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章首先简要分析了经常引起发射和飞行事故的恶构问题,然后提出了天地分布智能化大系统概念,并讨论了智能化的主要方法,最后导出了一种天地分布智能化大系统结构模型,讨论了这种模型的优点及其发展的重要意义。 相似文献