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Chang Tom Tam Sunny W.Y. Wu Cheng-Chin Consolini Giuseppe 《Space Science Reviews》2003,107(1-2):425-445
The first definitive observation that provided convincing evidence indicating certain turbulent space plasma processes are
in states of ‘complexity’ was the discovery of the apparent power-law probability distribution of solar flare intensities.
Recent statistical studies of complexity in space plasmas came from the AE index, UVI auroral imagery, and in-situ measurements
related to the dynamics of the plasma sheet in the Earth's magnetotail and the auroral zone.
In this review, we describe a theory of dynamical ‘complexity’ for space plasma systems far from equilibrium. We demonstrate
that the sporadic and localized interactions of magnetic coherent structures are the origin of ‘complexity’ in space plasmas.
Such interactions generate the anomalous diffusion, transport, acceleration, and evolution of the macroscopic states of the
overall dynamical systems.
Several illustrative examples are considered. These include: the dynamical multi- and cross-scale interactions of the macro-and
kinetic coherent structures in a sheared magnetic field geometry, the preferential acceleration of the bursty bulk flows in
the plasma sheet, and the onset of ‘fluctuation induced nonlinear instabilities’ that can lead to magnetic reconfigurations.
The technique of dynamical renormalization group is introduced and applied to the study of two-dimensional intermittent MHD
fluctuations and an analogous modified forest-fire model exhibiting forced and/or self-organized criticality [FSOC] and other
types of topological phase transitions.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Recent developments of the physics of complexity in space plasmas are briefly reviewed. The definition of dynamical complexity
is provided. Concepts of probability distribution functions, wavelet transforms, intermittent turbulence, multifractal processes
and extreme events are described. Future directions for this emerging field are discussed. 相似文献
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