排序方式: 共有44条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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B. Aschenbach H. Bräuninger U. Briel W. Brinkmann H. Fink N. Heinecke H. Hippmann G. Kettenring G. Metzner A. Ondrusch E. Pfeffermann P. Predehl G. Reger K. -H. Stephan J. Trümper H. U. Zimmermann 《Space Science Reviews》1981,30(1-4):569-573
The primary scientific objective of the ROSAT mission is to perform the first all sky survey with an imaging X-ray telescope leading to an improvement in sensitivity by several orders of magnitude compared with previous surveys. Consequently a large number of new sources (> 105) will be discovered and located with an accuracy of 1 arcmin. After completion of the survey which will take about half a year the instrument will be used for detailed observations of selected targets.The X-ray telescope consists of a fourfold nested Wolter type I mirror system with 80 cm aperture and 240 cm focal length, and three focal plane detectors. In the baseline version these will be imaging proportional counters (0.1 – 2 keV) providing a field of view of 20 × 20. 相似文献
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T.J. Stuchi T. Yokoyama A.A. Corrêa R.H. Solórzano D.M. Sanchez S.M.G. Winter O.C. Winter 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
The problem of a spacecraft orbiting the Neptune–Triton system is presented. The new ingredients in this restricted three body problem are the Neptune oblateness and the high inclined and retrograde motion of Triton. First we present some interesting simulations showing the role played by the oblateness on a Neptune’s satellite, disturbed by Triton. We also give an extensive numerical exploration in the case when the spacecraft orbits Triton, considering Sun, Neptune and its planetary oblateness as disturbers. In the plane a × I (a = semi-major axis, I = inclination), we give a plot of the stable regions where the massless body can survive for thousand of years. Retrograde and direct orbits were considered and as usual, the region of stability is much more significant for the case of direct orbit of the spacecraft (Triton’s orbit is retrograde). Next we explore the dynamics in a vicinity of the Lagrangian points. The Birkhoff normalization is constructed around L2, followed by its reduction to the center manifold. In this reduced dynamics, a convenient Poincaré section shows the interplay of the Lyapunov and halo periodic orbits, Lissajous and quasi-halo tori as well as the stable and unstable manifolds of the planar Lyapunov orbit. To show the effect of the oblateness, the planar Lyapunov family emanating from the Lagrangian points and three-dimensional halo orbits are obtained by the numerical continuation method. 相似文献
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Stephan F. von Welck 《Space Policy》1988,4(4):319-327
Sustained criticism of the strategy of nuclear deterrence and technological developments in the military uses of space suggest that nuclear weapons may soon be replaced by control of outer space as the USA and USSR's primary instrument of global power. This article traces the change in perceptions of nuclear weapons policy and assesses the potential of outer space as a means of control, and the plans of the two superpowers for its exploitation, especially in the military sphere. The consequences for Western Europe of a shift from nuclear to space-based weapons as the primary guarantor of national security are also discussed. 相似文献
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F.J.T. Salazar E.E.N. Macau O.C. Winter 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
Lagrangian points L4 and L5 lie at 60° ahead of and behind the Moon in its orbit with respect to the Earth. Each one of them is a third point of an equilateral triangle with the base of the line defined by those two bodies. These Lagrangian points are stable for the Earth–Moon mass ratio. As so, these Lagrangian points represent remarkable positions to host astronomical observatories or space stations. However, this same distance characteristic may be a challenge for periodic servicing mission. This paper studies elliptic trajectories from an Earth circular parking orbit to reach the Moon’s sphere of influence and apply a swing-by maneuver in order to re-direct the path of a spacecraft to a vicinity of the Lagrangian points L4 and L5. Once the geocentric transfer orbit and the initial impulsive thrust have been determined, the goal is to establish the angle at which the geocentric trajectory crosses the lunar sphere of influence in such a way that when the spacecraft leaves the Moon’s gravitational field, its trajectory and velocity with respect to the Earth change in order to the spacecraft arrives at L4 and L5. In this work, the planar Circular Restricted Three Body Problem approximation is used and in order to avoid solving a two boundary problem, the patched-conic approximation is considered. 相似文献
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Calcification and silicification processes of cyanobacterial mats that form stromatolites in two caldera lakes of Niuafo'ou Island (Vai Lahi and Vai Si'i) were evaluated, and their importance as analogues for interpreting the early fossil record are discussed. It has been shown that the potential for morphological preservation of Niuafo'ou cyanobacteria is highly dependent on the timing and type of mineral phase involved in the fossilization process. Four main modes of mineralization of cyanobacteria organic parts have been recognized: (i) primary early postmortem calcification by aragonite nanograins that transform quickly into larger needle-like crystals and almost totally destroy the cellular structures, (ii) primary early postmortem silicification of almost intact cyanobacterial cells that leave a record of spectacularly well-preserved cellular structures, (iii) replacement by silica of primary aragonite that has already recrystallized and obliterated the cellular structures, (iv) occasional replacement of primary aragonite precipitated in the mucopolysaccharide sheaths and extracellular polymeric substances by Al-Mg-Fe silicates. These observations suggest that the extremely scarce earliest fossil record may, in part, be the result of (a) secondary replacement by silica of primary carbonate minerals (aragonite, calcite, siderite), which, due to recrystallization, had already annihilated the cellular morphology of the mineralized microbiota or (b) relatively late primary silicification of already highly degraded and no longer morphologically identifiable microbial remains. 相似文献
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Thomas Stephan 《Space Science Reviews》2008,138(1-4):247-258
One of the prime objectives in the analysis of cometary dust collected by the Stardust space mission is to determine the elemental composition of comet 81P/Wild 2. For this analysis, samples captured by two sampling media, silica aerogel and Al foil, were available. While aerogel was qualified to sample the dust almost intact, particles impinging on Al foils produced hypervelocity impact craters with residual cometary matter. Both sample types delivered valuable information on the cometary inventory, even though a slight loss of volatiles was observed for impact residues on Al foils. Altogether an elemental composition close to solar elemental abundances was observed, indicating that the early solar system was chemically rather homogeneous from the innermost regions close to the sun to the outer edge of the solar system, the presumed region of cometary origin. 相似文献
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Recent discoveries about Europa--the probable existence of a sizeable ocean below its ice crust; the detection of hydrated sodium carbonates, among other salts; and the calculation of a net loss of sodium from the subsurface--suggest the existence of an alkaline ocean. Alkaline oceans (nicknamed "soda oceans" in analogy to terrestrial soda lakes) have been hypothesized also for early Earth and Mars on the basis of mass balance considerations involving total amounts of acids available for weathering and the composition of the early crust. Such an environment could be favorable to biogenesis since it may have provided for very low Ca2+ concentrations mandatory for the biochemical function of proteins. A rapid loss of CO2 from Europa's atmosphere may have led to freezing oceans. Alkaline brine bubbles embedded in ice in freezing and impact-thawing oceans could have provided a suitable environment for protocell formation and the large number of trials needed for biogenesis. Understanding these processes could be central to assessing the probability of life on Europa. 相似文献
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相变材料微胶囊悬浮液在矩形小通道内层流流动传热的实验 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
本文进行了对比性的实验,以研究相变材料微胶囊(MEPCM)-水悬浮液在水力直径为2.71mm的矩形小通道内的层流流动传热性能.实验中用的MEPCM颗粒的平均粒径为4.97μm,与蒸馏水混合制备成质量浓度范围为0~20%的MEPCM-水悬浮液.对比性的实验是指,在相同的悬浮液质量流量和热力条件下,使用不同浓度的MEPCM悬浮液进行传热实验.实验发现,MEPCM悬浮液的冷却性能严重依赖于悬浮液的质量流量和悬浮液的质量浓度.质量浓度为5%的悬浮液在在整个质量流量范围内总是表现出比水好的冷却性能,它对应的是更低的壁面温度以及更好的传热系数.而对于更高质量浓度的悬浮液,在低质量流量的情况下,它们具有很好的冷却性能;而在高质量流量的情况下,它们表现出的冷却性能比水更差,它们对应更高的壁面温度以及更低的Nusselt数. 相似文献