Edvard Engelbert Neovius, an early proponent of interplanetary communication

The Finnish officer and mathematician E. E. Neovius published, in 1875, a booklet in which he proposed a method to contact the inhabitans of Mars, using light signals projected to Mars with huge beacons. He constructed a message where the meaning of signals gradually rises from arithmetical concepts to logic and physics of the Solar System. The book was translated to French and Russian, but was forgotten when more sceptical attitudes replaced the optimistic views of intelligent life on Mars. Neovius’ philosophy of interplanetary communication relied upon ideas current in the 19th century. A “principle of analogy” seemed to guarantee the existence of planetary systems around the stars, and these planets must be inhabited like the Earth. Moreover, intelligence, knowledge and even science must be similar in the whole universe, whence no fundamental obstacle prevents a mutual understanding. In both respects, Neovius’ optimism has been replaced with more critical views.