Ground and on-orbit command and data handling architectures for the Active Rack Isolation System microgravity flight experiment

The Active Rack Isolation System [ARIS] International Space Station [ISS] Characterization Experiment, or ARIS-ICE for short, is a long duration microgravity characterization experiment aboard the ISS. The objective of the experiment is to fully characterize active microgravity performance of the first ARIS rack deployed on the ISS. Efficient ground and on-orbit command and data handling [C&DH] segments are the crux in achieving the challenging objectives of the mission. The objective of the paper is to provide an overview of the C&DH architectures developed for ARIS-ICE, with the view that these architectures may serve as a model for future ISS microgravity payloads. Both ground and on-orbit segments, and their interaction with corresponding ISS C&DH systems are presented. The heart of the on-orbit segment is the ARIS-ICE Payload On-orbit Processor, ARIS-ICE POP for short. The POP manages communication with the ISS C&DH system and other ISS subsystems and payloads, enables automation of test/data collection sequences, and provides a wide range of utilities such as efficient file downlinks/uplinks, data post-processing, data compression and data storage. The hardware and software architecture of the POP is presented and it is shown that the built-in functionality helps to dramatically streamline the efficiency of on-orbit operations. The ground segment has at its heart special ARIS-ICE Ground Support Equipment [GSE] software developed for the experiment. The software enables efficient command and file uplinks, and reconstruction and display of science telemetry packets. The GSE software architecture is discussed along with its interactions with ISS ground C&DH elements. A test sequence example is used to demonstrate the interplay between the ground and on-orbit segments.     

具有实时图像形成能力的高分辨率、四波段SAR试验台

描述了在Sandia国家实验室研制的双水獭SAR试验台。该试验台很灵活、适应性强，能工作于四种频：Ka、Ku和VHF／UHF频带。这种SAR的特点是在聚束模式和条带测绘模式下具有高分辨实时图像形成能力。高质量的图像是采用重叠子孔径（OSA）图像形成算法和相位梯度自聚然（PGA）算法实时形成的。     

Using the PROGRESS transport spacecraft in structure of the International Space Station for realization of scientific experiments under microgravity conditions

The problem is considered of using the PROGRESS transport spacecraft, which will deliver the payload on the ISS, as a free flying platform for realization of space experiments. For maintenance of the ISS 5-6 PROGRESS flights per year are planned. Usually after delivery of the payload the PROGRESS undocks from the ISS and burns down in the Earth atmosphere. However, the operating conditions of its onboard systems allow to prolong operation and to make free flight near to the station and repeatedly to be docked to it. It is offered to use this possibility for performing experiments on Material Science.     

ESA's Biopan 1--"Vitamin" experiment preliminary results

The purpose of “Vitamin” experiment is to study the efficiency of protective substances on three biological acellular systems aqueous solutions exposed to cosmic radiation in space. The first system “LDL”is a low density lipoprotein. The second is “E2-TeBG complexe” in which estradiol (E2) is bound to its plasmatic carrier protein, testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TeBG). The third is “pBR 322”, a plasmid. “Vitamin” experiment was accomodated in the Biopan which had been mounted on the outer surface of a Foton retrievable satellite. The experiment was exposed to space environment during 15 days. A stable temperature of about 20 °C was maintained throughout the flight. “Vitamin” experiment preliminary results are presented and discussed.     

新型计算机系统对计算结构力学的影响

在过去的20年中,计算机已有了爆炸性的增长,在下一个10年中,由于新型计算机结构和智能计算机的出现预期要增长得更快.下述的计算机硬/软件技术的进展会对结构力学产生很大的影响.     

Leadership issues with multicultural crews on the international space station: lessons learned from Shuttle/Mir

In isolated and confined environments, two important leadership roles have been identified: the task/instrumental role (which focuses on work goals and operational needs), and the supportive/expressive role (which focuses on morale goals and emotional needs). On the International Space Station, the mission commander should be familiar with both of these aspects of leadership. In previous research involving a 135-day Mir space station simulation in Moscow and a series of on-orbit Mir space station missions during the Shuttle/Mir program, both these leadership roles were studied. In new analyses of the Shuttle/Mir data, we found that for crewmembers, the supportive role of the commander (but not the task role) related positively with crew cohesion. For mission control personnel on the ground, both the task and supportive roles of their leader were related positively to mission control cohesion. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of leadership on board the International Space Station.     

The Suess-Urey mission (return of solar matter to Earth)

The Suess-Urey (S-U) mission has been proposed as a NASA Discovery mission to return samples of matter from the Sun to the Earth for isotopic and chemical analyses in terrestrial laboratories to provide a major improvement in our knowledge of the average chemical and isotopic composition of the solar system. The S-U spacecraft and sample return capsule will be placed in a halo orbit around the L1 Sun-Earth libration point for two years to collect solar wind ions which implant into large passive collectors made of ultra-pure materials. Constant Spacecraft-Sun-Earth geometries enable simple spin stabilized attitude control, simple passive thermal control, and a fixed medium gain antenna. Low data requirements and the safety of a Sun-pointed spinner, result in extremely low mission operations costs.     

空间运输系统对空军卫星控制网的影响

二十多年来,空军卫星控制网(AFSCN)为许多军用航天器和发射运载器提供了实时跟踪、遥测和遥控支持。随着国防部航天任务测控要求的变化,空军卫星控制网的测控、通信和数据处理能力的扩展和现代化都已稳步增长。空间运输系统的发展促进了空军卫星控制网的发展。本文介绍了为满足空间运输系统的要求对空军卫星控制网目前已进行的和预期进行的一系列改造。     

利用雷达数据事后确定机动式再入目标的弹道

本文研究出一种利用雷达跟踪数据事后分析确定机动式再入目标的气动参数的技术。本技术使用了加权最小二乘序贯估计器,该估计器在各批处理数据中依次步进移动。观测值为来自分布在落点附近精密跟踪雷达的角度和距离数据。用六维估计器(三维位置和三维速度)来估计再入目标自由飞行段的状态。本文还导出了两种再入估计器:第一个是七维估计器,包括六维自由飞行参数加上一个弹道系数,用来估计弹道再入段的状态,第二个是九维机动再入目标估计器,一旦有机动发生就用这种估计器。研究出一种基于测量残差监视的算法,可以自适应地从六态估计器转换成七态估计器,再到九态估计器。进行了一系列数值仿真,检验了这种技术及其编程。利用蒙特卡罗仿真验证了估计器的协方差矩阵的精度。     

俄罗斯全球卫星导航系统Glonass的监视站方案

本文阐述了设于莫斯科(Moscow)及诺伊施特累利次(Neustrelitz)的GPS和Glonass组合监视站网的技术规范及使用范围。具体描述了俄罗斯正在研究的GPS/Glonass组合接收机及其在该系统中的使用前景。其下一代接收机将能以每秒一次的更新速率测量载波相位,并能同时跟踪16颗卫星。监视导航卫星系统,即对斜距有关的参数进行联机观测,监视各种误差源,例如星历和历书数据、星上时间刻度、GPS和Glonass系统时间刻度的差异以及SGS—85和WGS—84座标系的差异。阐述了Glonass与GPS的一些不同特性。第一步比较了莫斯科和诺伊施特累利次的卫星可用性,以便在长期研究基础上寻求误差源及地理上的相互关系。由此得出的结论可提供给德国和欧洲用户,在未来开发中加以考虑。打算在莫斯科和诺伊施特累利次之间建立合适的通信链路,以便交换导航及定位数据。利用这些设备,还可产生DGPS和DGlonass的差分修正值。目的是在基准站50公里范围内使差分定位精度达到:水平为1.5—2米,垂直为2.0—2.5米(RMS)。按RTCMSC—104标准格式发播差分修正值。同时对单独的Glonass系统和GPS/Glonass组合系统比较所采取的不同技术进行了研究。还将研究由于接收机性能和所加修正及定标而产生的限制。