自由界面子结构综合法的误差及其克服措施

本文对自由界面子结构综合法实施过程中出现的误差作了分析,并基于不增加计算复杂性而引入约束模态或附着模态的原则,提出了克服误差的措施。这些措施使方法本身得到更新,因而获得较满意的综合精度,同时还保留了原方法比较简便的优点。     

Identification and status of design improvements to the NASA Shuttle EMU for International Space Station application

To meet the significant increase in EVA demand to support assembly and operations of the International Space Station (ISS), NASA and industry have improved the current Shuttle Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), or "space suit", configuration to meet the unique and specific requirements of an orbital-based system. The current Shuttle EMU was designed to be maintained and serviced on the ground between frequent Shuttle flights. ISS will require the EMUs to meet increased EVAs out of the Shuttle Orbiter and to remain on orbit for up to 180 days without need for regular return to Earth for scheduled maintenance or refurbishment. Ongoing Shuttle EMU improvements have increased reliability, operational life and performance while minimizing ground and on-orbit maintenance cost and expendable inventory. Modifications to both the anthropomorphic mobility elements of the Space Suit Assembly (SSA) as well as to the Primary Life Support System (PLSS) are identified and discussed. This paper also addresses the status of on-going Shuttle EMU improvements and summarizes the approach for increasing interoperability of the U.S. and Russian space suits to be utilized aboard the ISS.     

Spatial orientation during locomotion [correction of locomation] following space flight

To investigate changes in spatial orientation ability and walking performance following space flight, 7 astronaut subjects were asked pre- and post-flight to perform a goal directed locomotion paradigm which consisted of walking a triangular path with and without vision. This new paradigm, involving inputs from different sensory systems, allows quantification of several critical parameters, like orientation performance, walking velocities and postural stability, in a natural walking task. The paper presented here mainly focusses on spatial orientation performance quantified by the errors in walking the previously seen path without vision. Errors in length and reaching the corners did not change significantly from pre- to post-flight, while absolute angular errors slightly increased post-flight. The significant decrease in walking velocity and a change in head-trunk coordination while walking around the corners of the path observed post-flight may suggest that during re-adaptation to gravity the mechanisms which are necessary to perform the task have to be re-accomplished.     

CFRP层板的落重冲击分层损伤研究

采用落重冲击试验方法研究了航空上常用的铺层形式为［Ｏ２／９Ｏ２／４５２／－４５２］ｓ的先进复合材料（ＣＦＲＰ）低能冲击损伤问题。重点讨论了落重冲击后分层损伤形貌、冲击能量Ｗ与分层面积Ａ之间的关系以及基体韧性对ＣＦＲＰ抗冲击性能影响。     

复合材料层合板抗冲击击损伤的参数表征

研究了铺层方式为「０２／９０２／４５２／－４５２」Ｓ的航空用碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（ＣＦＲＰ）准各向同性层合板板速冲击引起损伤的表征问题，通过落重冲击试验引入损伤程度Ｄ表示材料低速冲击后材料参数的变化大小，通过准静态球面弯曲线试验提出复合材料层合板抗冲击的三种表征参数：层内开裂临界能Ｅ１ｃ，层间开裂（分层）临界能Ｅ２Ｃ，分层扩展阻为Ｒ。     

新型内突扩加力燃烧室方案可行性分析

介绍了一种新型内突扩加力燃烧室方案,具有质量轻、尺寸小、红外隐身功能突出等优点;在分析当前高推重比发动机需求的基础上,结合目前国内外加力燃烧室的技术水平,根据新一代军用发动机的加力燃烧室进气参数,论证了该方案所具有的现实可行性。     

球面收敛二元矢量喷管气动及红外特性研究:模拟地面状态

采用数值模拟方法对涡扇发动机排气系统球面收敛二元矢量喷管的气动和红外辐射特性进行了研究,研究仅针对地面状态和俯仰偏转.结果表明:俯仰偏转角在小于20°范围内,俯仰偏转对排气系统推力系数和总压恢复系数的影响微弱,气动推力矢量角与俯仰偏转角几乎相等;由于气体的容积性热辐射特征,喷管俯仰偏转角的变化引起高温喷流红外辐射的方向性变化明显,喷管俯仰偏转时的热喷流在3~5μm波段红外辐射呈现一定幅度的增加;排气系统在3~5μm波段的红外辐射峰值随俯仰偏转角的增加而趋于减小,其出现位置小于俯仰偏转角;在大的俯仰偏转角下,排气系统在垂直探测平面上方的红外辐射较无矢量偏转情形有所降低,但在探测面下方却有明显的增强,导致另一个峰值的出现.      

基于联合仿真的柔性体振动控制联合仿真

正柔性结构具有质量轻、功耗少、载荷/自重比高等优点,因此在航空航天等领域得到了越来越广泛的应用,取得了较好的减重效果。但柔性构件具有低刚度、低阻尼等特性,导致其在外界激励下易引发自身的弹性振动,随着大型柔性结构在航天领域的广泛应用,柔性结构易振动难     

热阻塞与燃烧不稳定性问题的试验研究

在某型涡扇发动机加力燃烧室试验过程中,曾出现过一种燃烧不稳定性,频率为106Hz,其声振频率与一阶纵向振频计算值基本相符。经分析计算表明这是一种气柱振荡不稳定性。原来,在等截面通道中加热时,总压因热阻增大而下降,静压则由于总压下降和比容的增加而急剧降低。      

喷油杆与凹腔支板稳定器近距匹配雾化特性

以水和煤油为雾化介质,采用马尔文激光粒度仪研究了来流马赫数为0.16~0.24、喷雾压差为0.30~0.90MPa、喷油杆与凹腔支板稳定器间隔为31.5mm且顺喷时液雾在轴向不同位置处的雾化特性.研究结果表明:液滴索太尔平均直径(SMD)随来流马赫数增大而减小,随喷雾压差升高而减小,但凹腔支板稳定器下游远方截面的液滴SMD在主流区对马赫数不敏感,在回流区对喷雾压差不敏感.此外,喷油杆下游液滴SMD沿轴向逐渐减小,沿径向在主流区逐渐增大,在回流区逐渐减小.