A new method of determining the spectral index for protons in the energy range about 10<Superscript>13</Superscript> eV

We consider a relationship between the difference in spectral indices of the spectra of single hadrons and all hadrons (_sngl – _h) and the difference in the indices of the spectra of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) protons and nuclei. It is demonstrated that at the mountain level the ratio (_p – _Z)/(_sngl – _h) is always larger than unity, if (_sngl – _h) > 0.1. From the experimental value _sngl – _h = 0.4 ± 0.05 we derive that, in the vicinity of E = 10 TeV, _p – _Z 0.49 ± 0.06 , i.e., _p 3.09 ± 0.06.__________Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 43, No. 2, 2005, pp. 83–87.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Grigorov, Tolstaya.     

Possible Use of the Earth's Magnetic Field for Determination of the Electric Charge Sign of Cosmic Ray Particles with a Magnetic Rigidity of 103 GV and Above

We consider a variant of the use of the Earth's magnetic field, which allows one to separate particles with different electric charge at a magnetic rigidity of 10³ GV and above by applying advanced experimental technology.     

Some problems and perspectives in cosmic-ray studies

The principles of an ionisation calorimeter, an instrument used to measure the energy of cosmic-ray particles and the dependence of its parameters on the conditions of operation, are discussed.Possible applications of this calorimeter in the study of nuclear interactions of 10¹¹–10¹³ eV cosmic-ray particles, study of the composition of high-energy primary cosmic rays (10¹¹–10¹⁴eV), and investigation of the electron component of cosmic-ray primaries and high-energy -rays are reviewed.Translated by Express Translation Service, Wimbledon, London.     

The Prospects of Direct Investigations of Cosmic Rays of Very High and Superhigh Energies

Basic lines of investigating cosmic ray particles with energies of 10¹²–10¹⁶ eV by direct methods are formulated. A particular variant of a universal instrument with spherically symmetric characteristics is considered. This instrument is capable of giving experimental solutions to basic problems intimately related to the main problem: the problem of the origin of cosmic rays.