Effect of microgravity on Escherichia coli and MS-2 bacteriophage disinfection by iodinated resins

Experiments on chemical disinfection by iodinated resins were conducted on STS 50 (USML-1), which flew a 13 day mission during 1992. Fluid processing apparatus containing microorganisms and iodinated resins was assembled in either Manhattan, Kansas, or Boulder, Colorado, and loaded on-board the Space Shuttle for the mission. Pentaiodide resin was more effective than the triiodide resin against Escherichia coli. Both resins were more effective bactericides at unit gravity than microgravity because of cosedimentation of bacteria and iodinated resin beads. In bacteriophage experiments, the triiodide resin reduced the viable titer of MS-2 by nine logs. The few viable phage surviving chemical disinfection were associated with precipitant formation in the fluid processing apparatus.     

Multistage integration model for human egomotion perception

Human computational vision models that attempt to account for the dynamic perception of egomotion and relative depth typically assume a common three-stage process: first, compute the optical flow field based on the dynamically changing image; second, estimate the egomotion states based on the flow; and third, estimate the relative depth/shape based on the egomotion states and possibly on a model of the viewed surface. We propose a model more in line with recent work in human vision, employing multistage integration. Here the dynamic image is first processed to generate spatial and temporal image gradients that drive a mutually interconnected state estimator and depth/shape estimator. The state estimator uses the image gradient information in combination with a depth/shape estimate of the viewed surface and an assumed model of the viewer's dynamics to generate current state estimates; in tandem, the depth/shape estimator uses the image gradient information in combination with the viewer's state estimate and assumed shape model to generate current depth/shape estimates. In this paper, we describe the model and compare model predictions with empirical data.     

寻找生命之水的“火星98”

随着“火星气候轨道探测器”的发射成功,美国航宇局“挺进”火星的活动得以继续,新一轮的火星探测活动被称之为“火星98”。除了“火星气候轨道探测器”以外,还有在1999年1月4日发射的“火星极地登陆者”和“深空2号”微型探测器,届时将在火星南极地区相差不到160千米的3个位置开展考察。“火星98”的主要任务是寻找火星上远古时期曾出现过的滔滔大水的迹象,并通过地质考察,揭示火星几百万年的历史。本文着重介绍“火星极地登陆者”。     

卫星干扰源定位系统中卫星星历校正技术

卫星干扰源定位系统中,制约定位精度的主要因素是卫星的速度精度。而现有的卫星测控手段,普遍很难获得高精度的同步卫星的速度。研究了同步卫星的轨道变化,结合卫星动力学模型和干扰源定位原理,提出了一种新的卫星星历改进技术,为干扰源定位系统提供适合定位用的同步通信卫星星历。     

Vestibular function in the space environment

Adaptation to the weightless state and readaptation after space flight to the 1-G environment on the ground are accompanied by various transitory symptoms of vestibular instability, kinetosis, and illusory sensations. Aside from the problem of how to treat and if possible prevent such symptoms, they offer a clue to a better understanding of normal vestibular functions. Weightlessness is a powerful new "tool" of vestibular research. Graybiel reported as early as 1952 that human subjects observed the illusion that a real target and the visual afterimage seemed to raise in the visual field during centrifugation when the subjects were looking toward the axis of rotation (oculogravic illusion). In aircraft parabolic-flight weightlessness, human subjects observed that fixed real targets appeared to have moved downward while visual afterimages appeared to have moved upward (oculoagravic illusion). It can be shown by electronystagmography as well as by a method employing double afterimages that part of this illusion is caused by eye movements that are triggered by the changing input from the otolith system. Another part of the illusion is based on a change of the subjective horizontal and must be caused by convergence of vestibular and visual impulses "behind" the eyes. This part was measured independently of the first one by using a new method. Eye movements could be prevented during these experiments by optical fixation with the right eye on a target at the end of a 24-in. long tube which was rigidly attached parallel to the longitudinal axis of an aircraft. At the same time the subject tried to line up a shorter tube, which was pivoting around his left eye, with the subjective horizon.     

航线维修中的NFF件处理对策

对未发现故障(NFF)件产生的原因进行了分析,结合航线维修工作特点,编制了NFF件处理逻辑图,提供了系统的NFF件解决方案;在对NFF件的可靠性管理过程中引入闭环控制方法,从航线维修和部件修理两个方面入手,给出了减少NFF件的方法,对消除由NFF件造成的飞机运行不良影响、降低维修费用、提高部件修理质量有积极作用.     

利用DTED数据进行雷达系统分析

国防测缓局（ＤＭＡ）的数字地形高度数据（ＤＴＥＤ）提供了一个综合的、可用于多种场俣的地形数据库。在模拟和分析飞机和雷达低突突防飞行时，这个数据库是一种非常重要的辅助手段。它既可用作地形表面的一种真实模型，用作一种与其它传感器融合的机载地形数据库的传感器输入。     

阶段二全球广播服务有效载荷

“阶段二全球广播服务”是覆盖全球的高速数字通信能力发展进程的第二个阶段。阶段二ＧＢＳ的有效载荷将放置在海军“特高频后继计划”的三颗卫星上。