Production of neutrons from interactions of GCR-like particles

In order to help assess the risk to astronauts due to the long-term exposure to the natural radiation environment in space, an understanding of how the primary radiation field is changed when passing through shielding and tissue materials must be obtained. One important aspect of the change in the primary radiation field after passing through shielding materials is the production of secondary particles from the breakup of the primary. Neutrons are an important component of the secondary particle field due to their relatively high biological weighting factors, and due to their relative abundance, especially behind thick shielding scenarios. Because of the complexity of the problem, the estimation of the risk from exposure to the secondary neutron field must be handled using calculational techniques. However, those calculations will need an extensive set of neutron cross section and thicktarget neutron yield data in order to make an accurate assessment of the risk. In this paper we briefly survey the existing neutron-production data sets that are applicable to the space radiation transport problem, and we point out how neutron production from protons is different than neutron production from heavy ions. We also make comparisons of one the heavy-ion data sets with Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) calculations.     

The sopite syndrome revisited: drowsiness and mood changes during real or apparent motion

The sopite syndrome is a poorly understood response to motion. Drowsiness and mood changes are the primary characteristics of the syndrome. The sopite syndrome can exist in isolation from more apparent symptoms such as nausea, can last long after nausea has subsided, and can debilitate some individuals. It is most likely a distinct syndrome from "regular" motion sickness or common fatigue, and is of potential concern in a variety of situations. The syndrome may be particularly hazardous in transportation settings where other performance challenges (e.g., sleep deprivation) are already present. It is also a potential concern in cases where illnesses such as sleep disorders or depression may interact with the syndrome and confuse diagnosis.     

Superluminous supernovae: no threat from eta Carinae

Recently, Supernova 2006gy was noted as the most luminous ever recorded, with a total radiated energy of approximately 10(44) Joules. It was proposed that the progenitor may have been a massive evolved star similar to eta Carinae, which resides in our own Galaxy at a distance of about 2.3 kpc. eta Carinae appears ready to detonate. Although it is too distant to pose a serious threat as a normal supernova, and given that its rotation axis is unlikely to produce a gamma-ray burst oriented toward Earth, eta Carinae is about 30,000 times nearer than 2006gy, and we re-evaluate it as a potential superluminous supernova. We have found that, given the large ratio of emission in the optical to the X-ray, atmospheric effects are negligible. Ionization of the atmosphere and concomitant ozone depletion are unlikely to be important. Any cosmic ray effects should be spread out over approximately 10(4) y and similarly unlikely to produce any serious perturbation to the biosphere. We also discuss a new possible effect of supernovae-e-ndocrine disruption induced by blue light near the peak of the optical spectrum. This is a possibility for nearby supernovae at distances too large to be considered "dangerous" for other reasons. However, due to reddening and extinction by the interstellar medium, eta Carinae is unlikely to trigger such effects to any significant degree.     

运用Hough变换的搜索雷达检测和跟踪：第三部分：利用二元积累的检测性能

本文研究了如何利用二元积累的Ｈｏｕｇｈ变换检测器较好地改善典型警戒雷达的性能，对于Ｈｏｕｇｈ变换检测，当多目标在距离－时间空间出现或检测器接收大功率范围的信号时，二元积累较非相参积累具有某些优点，我们得出了Ｈｏｕｇｈ变换二元变换器ＰＦ和ＰＤ的表达式，并将这些表达式应用于一种典型的警戒雷达，结果表明，就所研究的情况而言，二元Ｈｏｕｇｈ积累器对非起伏目标改善了雷达的功率分配的３ｄＢ对高起伏目标改善了约     

运用Hough变换的搜索雷达检测和跟踪：第二部分：检测统计

本文对Ｈｏｕｇｈ变换技术描述了变换前（即非相参数积累）初始门限穿越根据其功率加权时ＰＦ和ＰＤ的计算，推导出了ＰＦ和ＰＤ表达式后，我们研究了Ｈｏｕｇｈ积累空间的最佳量化度。还研究了初始门限，二次门限间的关系及其对探测性能的影响。     

用于制导和汽车工业的低成本振动陀螺仪

多年以来，ＩＳＮＡＶ一直在寻求一成本低廉但行之有效的方法来实现一种振动速率陀螺仪，该陀螺仪具有一个完全自由振动的圆筒，可适用于逐次启动偏置漂移率为０．１°／ｓ的自动驾驶和制导中。     

运用Hough变换的搜索雷达检测和跟踪：第一部分：系统理论

本文的第一部分描述和分析了一种检测搜索雷达信号和数据的方法，该方法应用Ｈｏｕｇｈ变换的图象处理技术从多维数据图中提取目标信号和航迹，文中考虑了系统设计理论且给出了说明理论的模拟例子，同更传统的技术相比，该技术具有很多的优点。这些优点包括改进的检测，距离游动问题的一种解法，实现方法的灵活性，低扫描率等待时间的利用和不需要重新探测的自动跟踪截获。该理论与使用以前扫描所获初始信息来帮助发现目标的检测跟踪