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1.
At the 40th IAF Congress in Malaga, a nutrition system for a lunar base CELSS was presented. A lunar base with a total of eight crew members was envisaged. In this paper, four species of plants--rice, soybean, lettuce and strawberry--were introduced to the system. These plants were sufficient to satisfy fundamental nutritional needs of the crew members. The supply of nutrition from plants and the human nutritional requirements could almost be balanced. Our study revealed that the necessary plant cultivation area per crew member would be nearly 40 m3 in the lunar base. The sources of nutrition considered in the study were energy, sugar, fat, amino acids, inorganic salt and vitamins; however, calcium, vitamin B2, vitamin A and sodium were found to be lacking. Therefore, a subsystem to supply these elements is of considerable value. In this paper, we report on a study for breeding snails and utilizing meat as food. Nutrients supplied from snails are shown to compensate for the above mentioned lacking elements. We evaluate the snail breeder and the associated food supply system as a subsystem of closed ecological life support system. 相似文献
2.
Takashi Miyachi Masayuki Fujii Nobuyuki Hasebe Osamu Okudaira Seiji Takechi Toshiyuki Onishi Shigeyuki Minami Masanori Kobayashi Takeo Iwai Eberhard Grün Ralf Srama Nagaya Okada 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
The responses of a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) element to hypervelocity collisions were experimentally studied. In this study, the particles of masses ranging from 0.3 to 10 fg were made to collide with PZT at velocities between 20 and 96 km/s. The amplitude and the corresponding rise time of the single-pulse output signals that were produced in the piezoelectric PZT element were measured to determine the possible collision states. The results revealed an apparently multimodal output; three classes were assumed to be involved in the pulse formation mechanism. The amplitude and rise time were sensitive to the collision velocity. The multimodal behavior implied that the PZT-based cosmic dust detectors should be calibrated according to the class they belong to. 相似文献
3.
M Oguchi K Otsubo K Nitta A Shimada S Fujii T Koyano K Miki 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1989,9(8):169-177
In CELSS (Controlled Ecological Life Support System), utilization of photosynthetic algae is an effective means for obtaining food and oxygen at the same time. We have chosen Spirulina, a blue-green alga, and have studied possibilities of algae utilization. We have developed an advanced algae cultivation system, which is able to produce algae continuously in a closed condition. Major features of the new system are as follows. (1) In order to maintain homogeneous culture conditions, the cultivator was designed so as to cause a swirl on medium circulation. (2) Oxygen gas separation and carbon dioxide supply are conducted by a newly designed membrane module. (3) Algae mass and medium are separated by a specially designed harvester. (4) Cultivation conditions, such as pH, temperature, algae growth rate, light intensity and quantity of generated oxygen gas are controlled by a computer system and the data are automatically recorded. This equipment is a primary model for ground experiments in order to obtain some design data for space use. A feasibility of algae cultivation in a closed condition is discussed on the basis of data obtained by use of this new system. 相似文献
4.
P. Trivailo Associate ProfessorH. Fujii ProfessorC. Bianksby 《Acta Astronautica》1999,44(7-12):701-707
Space based experiments involving the use of tethers were examined with a view to identifying the implications of unscheduled events such as tether severance and interference between the tether and other hardware. It is the authors opinion that these type of events, which have important consequences for the operation of tethers in space, have received insufficient consideration in the extensive literature on the subject. In particular, the investigation of the interference event appears to be completely new. The examination focussed on tether experiments planned for the forthcoming International Space Station (ISS). Results were obtained through the use of a highspeed, non-linear, computer simulation model specifically designed for use with tethered satellite systems. Simulations showed that both severance and interference were possible during retrieval of the tether, particularly if ‘skip-rope’ motion is initiated. The motion following each of these incidents is predicted and shows that these unscheduled events are potentially very hazardous for the ISS. While the results of these simulations are not directly applicable to specific operations on the ISS, they fulfill the primary purpose of this paper which is the demonstration of this new technology. 相似文献
5.
T Fujii Y Midorikawa M Shiba M Terai K Omasa K Nitta 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1992,12(5):29-32
For the Closed Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) of a manned lunar base which is planned to be built on the moon early in the 21st century, several proposed programs exist to grow vegetables inside a farming module. At the 40th IAF (Malaga, 1989) the author et al presented a proposal for supplying food and nutrients to a crew of eight members, a basic concept which is based on growing four kinds of vegetables. This paper describes measures for biohazard protection in farming modules. In this study, biohazard protection means prevention of the dispersion of plant diseases to other plant species or other portions of farming beds. 相似文献
6.
M Kobayashi T Murata N Fujii M Yamashita A Higashitani H Takahashi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1999,24(6):771-773
Seedlings of cucurbitaceous plants develop a protuberant tissue, or peg, on the lower side of the transition region between root and hypocotyl when germinated in a horizontal position. Peg develops due to a change in growth polarity of the cortical cells. We have examined the role of the cytoskeletal structure in peg formation of cucumber seedlings. We observed that in both peg and normal cortical cells of 36 h-old seedlings the microtubules (MTs) were arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the elongating cells. Application of colchicine perturbed the MTs structure and inhibited the formation of pegs. In 20 h-old seedlings, MTs in cortical cells destined to be a peg tissue had no preferential organization, whereas MTs in normal cortical cells were transversely oriented. After 24 h, the MTs in future peg cells were arranged similar to those of 36 h-old seedlings, although the initiation of peg tissue was not yet visible. These results suggest that reorganization of MTs is required for peg formation and causes the change in growth polarity of the cortical cells. 相似文献
7.
K. Munakata T. Kuwabara J.W. Bieber P. Evenson R. Pyle S. Yasue C. Kato Z. Fujii M.L. Duldig J.E. Humble M.R. Silva N.B. Trivedi W.D. Gonzalez N.J. Schuch 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2005,36(12):2357-2362
We analyze the cosmic-ray anisotropy observed by a prototype network of muon detectors during geomagnetic storms associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The network currently consists of multidirectional surface muon detectors at Nagoya (Japan) and Hobart (Australia), together with a prototype detector at São Martinho (Brazil) which has been in operation since March, 2001. In this report, we analyze the anisotropy recorded in both the muon detector and neutron monitor (the Spaceship Earth) networks and find significant enhancements of cosmic-ray anisotropy during geomagnetic storms. Following the analysis by Bieber and Evenson [Bieber, J.W., Evenson, P. CME geometry in relation to cosmic ray anisotropy. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 (1998) 2955–2958] for the neutron monitor data at 10 GeV, we also derive cosmic-ray density gradients from muon data at higher-energy (50 GeV), possibly reflecting the larger-scale geometry of CMEs causing geomagnetic storms. We particularly find in some events the anisotropy enhancement clearly starting prior to the storm onset in both the muon and neutron data. This is the first result of the CME-geometry derived from simultaneous observations of the anisotropy with networks of multidirectional muon detectors and neutron monitors. 相似文献
8.
Masanori Matsushita Toshihiro Chujo Jun Matsumoto Osamu Mori Rikio Yokota Hiroyuki Toyota Yasutaka Satou Nobukatsu Okuizumi Hideki Kato Tetsuya Nakamura Yuichi Shibata Tatsuro Nakao Kazuyuki Mori Sanae Fujii Yuki Takao Yuki Kubo Yuya Miyamoto Yuichiro Nada Yudai Kimishima 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(9):2899-2911
This paper reports on the manufacturing and evaluation of a solar power sail membrane prototype for the OKEANOS project. The in-house prototype was built by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Mechanical and electrical evaluation tests were conducted. The membrane, thin-film solar cells, reflectivity control devices were good condition after the manufacturing and handling. The improvements in the manufacturing process and design were found. The manufacturing process and design were fundamentally established. After the prototype, improvement plans for the manufacturing process and design were tried. We have a prospect of manufacturing the flight model sail and continue to the development. 相似文献
9.
Sounding rocket experiment of bare electrodynamic tether system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hironori A. Fujii Takeo Watanabe Hirohisa Kojima Koh-Ichiro Oyama Tairo Kusagaya Yoshiki Yamagiwa Hirotaka Ohtsu Mengu Cho Susumu Sasaki Koji Tanaka John Williams Binyamin Rubin Charles Les Johnson George Khazanov Juan R. Sanmartin Jean-Pierre Lebreton Erick J. van der Heide Michiel Kruijff Fabio De Pascal Pavel M. Trivailo 《Acta Astronautica》2009,64(2-3):313-324
An overview of a sounding rocket, S-520-25th, project on space tether technology experiment is presented. The project is prepared by an international research group consisting of Japanese, European, American, and Australian researchers. The sounding rocket will be assembled by the ISAS/JAXA and will be launched in the summer of 2009. The sounding rocket mission includes two engineering experiments and two scientific experiments. These experiments consist of the deployment of bare electrodynamic tape tether in space, a quick ignition test of hollow cathode system in space, the demonstration of bare electrodynamic tether system in space, and the test of the OML (orbital-motion-limit) current collection theory. 相似文献
10.
F.B. McDonald Z. Fujii P. Ferrando B. Heber A. Raviart H. Kunow N. Lal R. Mller-Mellin G. Wibberenz R. McGuire C. Paizis 《Space Science Reviews》2001,97(1-4):321-325
The combination of Voyager 1 (77.9 AU, 34.4° N) and Voyager 2 (61.2 AU, 24.5° S) at moderate heliolatitudes in the distant heliosphere and Ulysses with its unique latitudinal surveys in the inner heliosphere along with IMP 8 and other satellites at 1 AU constitutes a
network of observatories that are ideally suited to study cosmic rays over the solar minimum of cycle 22 and the onset of
solar activity and the long term cosmic ray modulation of cycle 23. Through 2000.7 there have been three well-defined step
decreases in the cosmic ray intensity at 1 AU with the cumulative effect being in good agreement with the net decrease in
cycle 21 at a comparable time in the solar cycle. Over this period the intensity changes at Ulysses are similar to those at 1 AU. In the distant heliosphere the initial decreases appear to be smaller than those at 1 AU. However
the full effects of the interplanetary disturbances producing the most recent and largest step decrease in the inner heliosphere
have not yet reached V-2.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献